{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200464968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630499","title":"Phantom Assessment of an Image-free Ultrasound Technology for Online Local Pulse Wave Velocity Measurement","display_name":"Phantom Assessment of an Image-free Ultrasound Technology for Online Local Pulse Wave Velocity Measurement","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200464968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630499","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Raj Kiran V","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raj Kiran V","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nabeel P M","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102197","display_name":"Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/017mw4x28","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102197"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nabeel P M","raw_affiliation_strings":["Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775","https://openalex.org/I4210102197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rahul Manoj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Manoj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Malay Ilesh Shah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102197","display_name":"Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/017mw4x28","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102197"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malay Ilesh Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775","https://openalex.org/I4210102197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102197","display_name":"Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/017mw4x28","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102197"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and the Director of Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and the Director of Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775","https://openalex.org/I4210102197"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jayaraj Joseph","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jayaraj Joseph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"5610","last_page":"5613"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10924","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention","score":0.9200000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10924","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention","score":0.9200000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.028999999165534973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10821","display_name":"Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors","score":0.017500000074505806,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeatability","display_name":"Repeatability","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-wave-velocity","display_name":"Pulse wave velocity","score":0.7028999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-phantom","display_name":"Imaging phantom","score":0.6154000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5141000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-wave","display_name":"Pulse wave","score":0.47839999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.4334999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact","display_name":"Artifact (error)","score":0.40560001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.4016000032424927}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154020017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171","display_name":"Repeatability","level":2,"score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778319312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2118022","display_name":"Pulse wave velocity","level":3,"score":0.7028999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.6154000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5141000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172321821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7259685","display_name":"Pulse wave","level":3,"score":0.47839999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.4334999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.40560001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4016000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19619285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Observational error","level":2,"score":0.40119999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202799725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272035","display_name":"Accuracy and precision","level":2,"score":0.3652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984988205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17125287","display_name":"Wave velocity","level":3,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908916285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2118022","display_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","level":4,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37649242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932268","display_name":"System of measurement","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56318395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215928","display_name":"Transducer","level":2,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21353171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Length measurement","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018824978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2894891","display_name":"Error analysis","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063177","descriptor_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063177","descriptor_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063177","descriptor_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34892396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481607610","https://openalex.org/W1965097094","https://openalex.org/W2011740129","https://openalex.org/W2013329987","https://openalex.org/W2028928948","https://openalex.org/W2062094634","https://openalex.org/W2063998910","https://openalex.org/W2070275208","https://openalex.org/W2078224528","https://openalex.org/W2085435893","https://openalex.org/W2141988376","https://openalex.org/W2318084296","https://openalex.org/W2965076805"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cardiovascular":[0],"community":[1],"has":[2],"started":[3],"clinically":[4],"adopting":[5],"the":[6,13,66,94,103,115,149],"assessment":[7],"of":[8,38,74,132,137,141],"local":[9,39,75,156],"stiffness,":[10],"contrary":[11],"to":[12,34,48,70],"traditionally":[14],"measured":[15,95,116],"carotid-femoral":[16],"pulse":[17,76],"wave":[18],"velocity":[19],"(PWV).":[20],"Though":[21],"they":[22],"offer":[23],"higher":[24],"reliability,":[25],"ultrasound":[26,62],"methods":[27,33],"require":[28],"advanced":[29],"hardware":[30],"and":[31,46,86,139],"processing":[32],"perform":[35,49],"real-time":[36],"measurement":[37,52,84],"PWV.":[40],"This":[41],"work":[42],"presents":[43],"a":[44,59,129],"system":[45],"method":[47],"online":[50,155],"PWV":[51,80,98,106,157],"in":[53,114,153],"an":[54],"automated":[55],"manner.":[56],"It":[57],"is":[58,81],"fast":[60],"image-free":[61],"technology":[63],"that":[64],"meets":[65],"methodological":[67],"requirements":[68],"necessary":[69],"measure":[71],"small":[72],"orders":[73],"transit,":[77],"from":[78,107],"which":[79],"measured.":[82],"The":[83,111],"accuracy":[85],"repeatability":[87],"were":[88],"assessed":[89],"via":[90],"phantom":[91],"experiments,":[92],"where":[93],"transit":[96],"time-based":[97],"(PWVTT)":[99],"was":[100,118],"compared":[101],"against":[102],"theoretically":[104],"calculated":[105],"Bramwell-Hill":[108],"equation":[109],"(PWVBH).":[110],"beat-to-beat":[112],"variability":[113],"PWVTT":[117,121],"within":[119],"3%.":[120],"values":[122],"strongly":[123],"correlated":[124],"(r=0.98)":[125],"with":[126],"PWVBH,":[127],"yielding":[128,154],"negligible":[130],"bias":[131],"-0.01":[133],"m/s,":[134],"mean":[135],"error":[136],"3%,":[138],"RMSE":[140],"0.27":[142],"m/s.":[143],"These":[144],"pilot":[145],"study":[146],"results":[147],"demonstrated":[148],"presented":[150],"system's":[151],"reliability":[152],"measurements.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
