{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200503898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630464","title":"Evaluation of Nonlinear Wave Separation Method to Assess Reflection Transit Time: A Virtual Patient Study","display_name":"Evaluation of Nonlinear Wave Separation Method to Assess Reflection Transit Time: A Virtual Patient Study","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200503898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630464","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892382"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rahul Manoj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Manoj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"V Raj Kiran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V Raj Kiran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"P M Nabeel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102197","display_name":"Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/017mw4x28","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102197"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P M Nabeel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre (HTIC), Indian Institute of Technology Madras Research Park, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre (HTIC), Indian Institute of Technology Madras Research Park, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775","https://openalex.org/I4210102197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102197","display_name":"Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/017mw4x28","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102197"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Director of Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre and With the Faculty of Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Director of Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre and With the Faculty of Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775","https://openalex.org/I4210102197"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jayaraj Joseph","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jayaraj Joseph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"pp","issue":null,"first_page":"5551","last_page":"5554"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10924","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10924","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.006599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-wave","display_name":"Pulse wave","score":0.7289000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.7109000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.5684999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-wave-analysis","display_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","score":0.5613999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-wave-velocity","display_name":"Pulse wave velocity","score":0.48080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.477400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.42910000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.36970001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-propagation","display_name":"Wave propagation","score":0.36719998717308044}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172321821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7259685","display_name":"Pulse wave","level":3,"score":0.7289000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.7109000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.599399983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.5684999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908916285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2118022","display_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","level":4,"score":0.5613999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778319312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2118022","display_name":"Pulse wave velocity","level":3,"score":0.48080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.477400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.42910000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.36970001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44886760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758425","display_name":"Wave propagation","level":2,"score":0.36719998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41700454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1852282","display_name":"Reflection coefficient","level":2,"score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776864781","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52617913","display_name":"Source separation","level":2,"score":0.3474999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018129524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834377","display_name":"Transit time","level":2,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35515768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336894","display_name":"Particle velocity","level":2,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019936789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79667592","display_name":"Pressure wave","level":2,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202799725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272035","display_name":"Accuracy and precision","level":2,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121854251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62932","display_name":"Elasticity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775850156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4797538","display_name":"Arterial stiffness","level":3,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17140001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759415","display_name":"Pulse pressure","level":3,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451805","display_name":"Separation (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181341577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361","display_name":"Group velocity","level":2,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001158","descriptor_name":"Arteries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001158","descriptor_name":"Arteries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001158","descriptor_name":"Arteries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059289","descriptor_name":"Vascular Stiffness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059289","descriptor_name":"Vascular Stiffness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059289","descriptor_name":"Vascular Stiffness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063177","descriptor_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063177","descriptor_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063177","descriptor_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34892382","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972119727","https://openalex.org/W1985023991","https://openalex.org/W1987521411","https://openalex.org/W2004223752","https://openalex.org/W2024379532","https://openalex.org/W2046361856","https://openalex.org/W2078224528","https://openalex.org/W2096457699","https://openalex.org/W2106527001","https://openalex.org/W2124313450","https://openalex.org/W2144182210","https://openalex.org/W2512664243","https://openalex.org/W2578493042","https://openalex.org/W2969170900","https://openalex.org/W3041355923","https://openalex.org/W6766558667"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conventional":[0],"methods":[1,67],"to":[2,16,29,68,233],"calculate":[3,30],"reflection":[4],"transit":[5],"time":[6,136],"(RTT)":[7],"is":[8,19,99,118,132,154],"based":[9,127],"on":[10,128,156,225],"pulse":[11,27,86,116,187,222,241],"counter":[12],"analysis.":[13],"An":[14],"alternative":[15],"this":[17,59,113],"approach":[18],"separating":[20],"forward":[21,140],"and":[22,41,58,125,141,168,195],"backward":[23,142],"components":[24],"from":[25,50],"a":[26,47,51,74,84,90,151,170,205,230,239],"waveform":[28,87,117],"the":[31,62,97,115,121,135,202,216,219],"RTT.":[32],"State-of-the-art":[33],"in":[34,147],"wave":[35,65,78,188,223,235],"separation":[36,66,79],"requires":[37,82],"simultaneously":[38],"measured":[39,106],"pressure":[40],"flow":[42,109],"velocity":[43,110,189],"waveforms.":[44],"Practically,":[45],"getting":[46],"simultaneous":[48],"measurement":[49,88],"single":[52,85,240],"arterial":[53,196,226],"site":[54],"has":[55,60],"its":[56],"limitations,":[57],"made":[61],"translation":[63],"of":[64,77,96,123,160,200,221],"clinical":[69],"practice":[70],"difficult.":[71],"We":[72],"propose":[73],"new":[75,231],"method":[76,98,232],"analysis":[80],"that":[81,100],"only":[83,238],"using":[89,148,237],"multi-Gaussian":[91],"decomposition":[92],"approach.":[93],"The":[94,144,163],"novelty":[95],"it":[101],"does":[102],"not":[103],"require":[104],"any":[105],"or":[107],"modelled":[108],"waveform.":[111,143,242],"In":[112],"method,":[114],"decomposed":[119],"into":[120],"sum":[122],"Gaussians":[124],"reconstructed":[126],"model":[129],"criteria.":[130],"RTT":[131,149],"calculated":[133],"as":[134,150,182],"difference":[137],"between":[138],"normalized":[139],"method's":[145],"feasibility":[146],"potential":[152],"surrogate":[153],"demonstrated":[155],"105":[157],"diverse":[158],"selections":[159],"virtual":[161],"subjects.":[162],"results":[164],"were":[165],"statistically":[166],"significant":[167],"had":[169],"strong":[171],"correlation":[172,207],"(r>79,":[173],"p<0.0001)":[174],"against":[175,210],"clinically":[176],"approved":[177],"artery":[178],"stiffness":[179,192],"markers":[180],"such":[181],"Peterson's":[183],"elastic":[184],"modulus":[185],"(Ep),":[186],"(PWV),":[190],"specific":[191],"index":[193],"(\u03b2),":[194],"compliance":[197],"(AC).":[198],"Out":[199],"all":[201],"elasticity":[203],"markers,":[204],"better":[206],"was":[208],"found":[209],"AC.Clinical":[211],"Relevance-This":[212],"simulation":[213],"study":[214,234],"supplements":[215],"evidence":[217],"for":[218],"dependence":[220],"reflections":[224,236],"stiffness.":[227],"It":[228],"provides":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}