{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200098775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630436","title":"HingePlace: Focused transcranial electrical current stimulation that allows subthreshold fields outside the stimulation target","display_name":"HingePlace: Focused transcranial electrical current stimulation that allows subthreshold fields outside the stimulation target","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200098775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630436","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34891586"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630436","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chaitanya Goswami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaitanya Goswami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pulkit Grover","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pulkit Grover","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3427,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"1577","last_page":"1583"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.8583999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.8583999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.07989999651908875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.016699999570846558,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subthreshold-conduction","display_name":"Subthreshold conduction","score":0.7962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.708299994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.5108000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.4903999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-stimulation","display_name":"Brain stimulation","score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4099000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.38089999556541443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156465305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1658601","display_name":"Subthreshold conduction","level":4,"score":0.7962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.708299994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5936999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.5108000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4903999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985799443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955838","display_name":"Brain stimulation","level":3,"score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4099000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.37389999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020056645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327643","display_name":"Electric stimulation","level":3,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327643","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","level":3,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117838684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533483","display_name":"Local field potential","level":2,"score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988004515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11651","display_name":"Electrical current","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778542668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618076","display_name":"Deep brain stimulation","level":4,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177825189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5357702","display_name":"Electrical brain stimulation","level":3,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60799052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221","display_name":"Electric field","level":2,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780375056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905905","display_name":"Neuromodulation","level":3,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986897749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231761","display_name":"Potential field","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065908","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D065908","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D065908","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630436","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34891586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34891586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968924103","https://openalex.org/W1980693308","https://openalex.org/W1990855124","https://openalex.org/W2023484210","https://openalex.org/W2120749582","https://openalex.org/W2126906058","https://openalex.org/W2346587012","https://openalex.org/W2587386871","https://openalex.org/W2903380895","https://openalex.org/W2949208940","https://openalex.org/W2950992973","https://openalex.org/W2963966702","https://openalex.org/W2994672065","https://openalex.org/W3134225305","https://openalex.org/W3173075535","https://openalex.org/W4250543537","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W6696497002"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transcranial":[0],"Electrical":[1],"Stimulation":[2],"(TES)":[3],"is":[4,65],"a":[5,96,160],"promising":[6],"tool":[7],"for":[8,26,159],"treating":[9],"many":[10],"neurological":[11],"disorders,":[12],"but":[13,127],"it":[14,64],"classically":[15],"results":[16],"in":[17,44,49,150,156],"diffused":[18],"stimulation.":[19],"Many":[20],"optimization":[21,69],"algorithms":[22,142],"have":[23],"been":[24],"proposed":[25],"focusing":[27],"TES,":[28],"commonly":[29],"by":[30,111],"creating":[31],"multi-electrode":[32,113],"arrangements":[33,114],"and":[34,53,143],"choosing":[35],"current":[36,42],"amplitudes":[37],"such":[38,68],"that":[39,67,86,145],"the":[40,45,50,60,73,84,91,117,121,130],"resulting":[41],"fields":[43,119],"brain":[46],"are":[47,54,94],"focused":[48],"target":[51,61,122],"region,":[52],"as":[55,57],"small":[56],"possible":[58],"outside":[59,120],"region.":[62],"Consequently,":[63],"likely":[66],"does":[70],"not":[71],"harness":[72],"non-linear":[74],"nature":[75],"of":[76],"neural":[77],"dynamics,":[78],"particularly":[79],"their":[80],"thresholding":[81,109],"phenomenon,":[82],"i.e.,":[83],"observation":[85],"neurons":[87],"fire":[88],"only":[89],"when":[90],"stimulating":[92],"currents":[93],"above":[95],"certain":[97],"threshold.":[98,132],"In":[99,133],"this":[100,108],"work,":[101],"we":[102,137],"propose":[103],"HingePlace":[104,139,146],"which":[105,115],"explicitly":[106],"harnesses":[107],"phenomenon":[110],"designing":[112],"allow":[116],"electric":[118],"region":[123],"to":[124],"be":[125],"non-zero":[126],"still":[128],"below":[129],"stimulation":[131],"idealized":[134],"simulated":[135],"models,":[136],"compare":[138],"with":[140],"existing":[141],"find":[144],"performs":[147],"strictly":[148],"better,":[149],"some":[151],"cases":[152],"providing":[153],"~20%":[154],"reduction":[155],"stimulated":[157],"area":[158],"specified":[161],"limit":[162],"on":[163],"maximum":[164],"injected":[165],"current.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
