{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200478627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630358","title":"Separation of Forward-Backward Waves in the Arterial System using Multi-Gaussian Approach from Single Pulse Waveform","display_name":"Separation of Forward-Backward Waves in the Arterial System using Multi-Gaussian Approach from Single Pulse Waveform","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200478627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630358","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892381"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rahul Manoj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Manoj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"V Raj Kiran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V Raj Kiran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"P M Nabeel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102197","display_name":"Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/017mw4x28","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102197"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P M Nabeel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre (HTIC), Indian Institute of Technology Madras Research Park, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre (HTIC), Indian Institute of Technology Madras Research Park, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775","https://openalex.org/I4210102197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102197","display_name":"Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/017mw4x28","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102197"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Director of Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre and With the Faculty of Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Director of Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre and With the Faculty of Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775","https://openalex.org/I4210102197"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jayaraj Joseph","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jayaraj Joseph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"pp","issue":null,"first_page":"5547","last_page":"5550"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10924","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10924","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10193","display_name":"Coronary Interventions and Diagnostics","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.8553000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tapering","display_name":"Tapering","score":0.7062000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-wave","display_name":"Pulse wave","score":0.6685000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-wave-analysis","display_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","score":0.6194999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.5537999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.5109000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection-coefficient","display_name":"Reflection coefficient","score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/square-wave","display_name":"Square wave","score":0.3700999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-pressure","display_name":"Pulse pressure","score":0.3294000029563904}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.8553000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114138010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7684542","display_name":"Tapering","level":2,"score":0.7062000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172321821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7259685","display_name":"Pulse wave","level":3,"score":0.6685000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908916285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2118022","display_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","level":4,"score":0.6194999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.5738999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.5537999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5109000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4221999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41700454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1852282","display_name":"Reflection coefficient","level":2,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96352100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136640","display_name":"Square wave","level":3,"score":0.3700999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17140001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759415","display_name":"Pulse pressure","level":3,"score":0.3294000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44886760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758425","display_name":"Wave propagation","level":2,"score":0.32820001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778319312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2118022","display_name":"Pulse wave velocity","level":3,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67402182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2496406","display_name":"Wave impedance","level":3,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019936789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79667592","display_name":"Pressure wave","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172674978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164612","display_name":"Characteristic impedance","level":3,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80264047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7424019","display_name":"Pressure measurement","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26262908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307489","display_name":"Input impedance","level":3,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775850156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4797538","display_name":"Arterial stiffness","level":3,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001158","descriptor_name":"Arteries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001158","descriptor_name":"Arteries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001158","descriptor_name":"Arteries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059289","descriptor_name":"Vascular Stiffness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059289","descriptor_name":"Vascular Stiffness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059289","descriptor_name":"Vascular Stiffness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34892381","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105412379","https://openalex.org/W1972119727","https://openalex.org/W1985023991","https://openalex.org/W1987521411","https://openalex.org/W2004223752","https://openalex.org/W2024379532","https://openalex.org/W2046361856","https://openalex.org/W2096457699","https://openalex.org/W2124313450","https://openalex.org/W2135326848","https://openalex.org/W2163243062","https://openalex.org/W2336263275","https://openalex.org/W2605943986","https://openalex.org/W2623111196","https://openalex.org/W2886994158","https://openalex.org/W2939996707","https://openalex.org/W2969170900","https://openalex.org/W3041355923","https://openalex.org/W3087915180","https://openalex.org/W6766558667"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,42,63,108,196],"arterial":[1,49,61],"pulse":[2,28,120,224,254],"waveform":[3,121,142,146,255],"has":[4],"an":[5],"immense":[6],"wealth":[7],"of":[8,56,75,100,110,157,198],"information":[9],"in":[10,79],"its":[11],"morphology":[12],"yet":[13],"to":[14,19,48,203,207,212,246],"be":[15,213],"explored":[16],"and":[17,38,53,91,140,154,179],"translated":[18],"clinical":[20],"practice.":[21],"Wave":[22],"separation":[23,66,102],"analysis":[24,67,103],"involves":[25],"decomposing":[26],"a":[27,35,39,97,105,118,169,214,222,243,252],"wave":[29,37,44,65,101,239,248],"(pressure":[30],"or":[31,87,262],"diameter":[32],"waveform)":[33],"into":[34],"forward":[36,139],"backward":[40,43,141],"wave.":[41],"accumulates":[45],"reflections":[46,249],"due":[47],"stiffness":[50],"gradient,":[51],"branching":[52],"geometric":[54],"tapering":[55],"blood":[57],"vessels":[58],"across":[59],"the":[60,72,76,80,123,131,144,163,184,188,236,257],"tree.":[62],"state-of-the-art":[64],"is":[68,113,226],"based":[69],"on":[70],"estimating":[71],"input":[73],"impedance":[74,134],"target":[77,124],"artery":[78],"frequency/time":[81],"domain,":[82],"which":[83],"requires":[84,116],"simultaneously":[85],"measured":[86,261],"modelled":[88,263],"flow":[89,190],"velocity":[90],"pressure":[92,145],"waveform.":[93],"We":[94,136],"are":[95],"proposing":[96],"new":[98,244],"method":[99,127,191,210,245],"using":[104,250],"multi-gaussian":[106,185],"decomposition.":[107],"novelty":[109],"this":[111],"approach":[112,186],"that":[114],"it":[115],"only":[117,221,251],"single":[119,223,253],"at":[122],"artery.":[125],"Our":[126],"was":[128,200],"compared":[129,161],"against":[130,162,187],"triangular":[132,164,189],"waveform-based":[133],"method.":[135,166],"successfully":[137],"separated":[138],"from":[143,201,228],"with":[147],"maximum":[148],"RMSE":[149,156],"less":[150],"than":[151],"5":[152],"mmHg":[153,159],"mean":[155],"1.31":[158],"when":[160],"flow/impedance":[165],"Results":[167],"demonstrated":[168],"statistically":[170],"significant":[171],"correlation":[172],"(r>0.66,":[173],"p<0.0001)":[174],"for":[175,183,192,216,238,259],"Reflection":[176,180],"Magnitude":[177],"(RM)":[178],"Index":[181],"(RI)":[182],"105":[193],"virtual":[194],"subjects.":[195],"range":[197],"RM":[199],"0.35":[202],"0.97":[204],"(RI:":[205],"27.53%":[206],"49.29%).":[208],"This":[209,232],"proves":[211],"technique":[215],"evaluating":[217],"reflection":[218],"parameters":[219],"if":[220],"measurement":[225],"available":[227],"any":[229,260],"artery.Clinical":[230],"Relevance-":[231],"simulation":[233],"study":[234,247],"supplements":[235],"evidence":[237],"reflections.":[240],"It":[241],"provides":[242],"without":[256],"need":[258],"flow.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}