{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200191881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630295","title":"Neural Encoding of Reaches in a Linear Cortical Model","display_name":"Neural Encoding of Reaches in a Linear Cortical Model","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200191881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630295","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892647"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050422055","display_name":"Patrick Greene","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7052-0608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Greene","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Computational Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Computational Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041768910","display_name":"Marc H. Schieber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-8161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc H. Schieber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088809750","display_name":"Sridevi V. Sarma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4817-6625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sridevi V. Sarma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Computational Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Computational Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050422055"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13513514,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"6707","last_page":"6710"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6585642099380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6031675934791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6014052033424377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5844789147377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-cortex","display_name":"Motor cortex","score":0.5132262706756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.34880781173706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.333163321018219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.3295605182647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.1671120524406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.08584195375442505}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6585642099380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6031675934791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6014052033424377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5844789147377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778373776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18696","display_name":"Motor cortex","level":3,"score":0.5132262706756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.34880781173706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.333163321018219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3295605182647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.1671120524406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08584195375442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009044","descriptor_name":"Motor Cortex","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009044","descriptor_name":"Motor Cortex","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009044","descriptor_name":"Motor Cortex","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009044","descriptor_name":"Motor Cortex","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009046","descriptor_name":"Motor Neurons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009046","descriptor_name":"Motor Neurons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009046","descriptor_name":"Motor Neurons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009046","descriptor_name":"Motor Neurons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34892647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1273318020","https://openalex.org/W1589992373","https://openalex.org/W2000749160","https://openalex.org/W2030286275","https://openalex.org/W2054656159","https://openalex.org/W2087151716","https://openalex.org/W2120748840","https://openalex.org/W2155906179","https://openalex.org/W2157884142","https://openalex.org/W2271518742","https://openalex.org/W2334591577","https://openalex.org/W2626364204","https://openalex.org/W3010847906","https://openalex.org/W3041725488","https://openalex.org/W3169760376","https://openalex.org/W6847237376"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982160337","https://openalex.org/W1971380437","https://openalex.org/W2141691317","https://openalex.org/W1983548084","https://openalex.org/W2160609742","https://openalex.org/W2110846987","https://openalex.org/W2979526210","https://openalex.org/W2004736176","https://openalex.org/W2031091109","https://openalex.org/W2067841959"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"effectively":[1],"control":[2],"the":[3,17,22,53,69,74,106,121,133,143],"arm,":[4],"motor":[5,54,107],"cortical":[6],"neurons":[7],"must":[8],"produce":[9],"complex":[10,158],"patterns":[11],"of":[12,21,52,68,105],"activation":[13,162],"that":[14,85,102,120,150],"vary":[15],"with":[16,61,79,157],"position":[18],"and":[19,24,41,90,96,160],"orientation":[20],"arm":[23],"reach":[25],"direction.":[26],"In":[27],"order":[28],"to":[29,64,81,138],"better":[30],"understand":[31],"how":[32],"such":[33,109],"a":[34,50,57,65,125],"finely":[35],"tuned":[36],"dynamical":[37,59],"system":[38,60,128],"could":[39],"arise":[40],"what":[42],"its":[43],"basic":[44],"organizing":[45],"principles":[46],"are,":[47],"we":[48,100,148],"develop":[49],"model":[51,67],"cortex":[55],"as":[56,92,94,110],"linear":[58],"feedback":[62],"coupled":[63],"two-joint":[66],"macaque":[70],"arm.":[71],"By":[72],"optimizing":[73],"connections":[75],"between":[76,88],"neural":[77,95,127,144,155],"populations":[78],"respect":[80],"an":[82],"objective":[83],"function":[84],"penalizes":[86],"error":[87],"hand":[89],"target,":[91],"well":[93],"muscular":[97],"energy":[98],"use,":[99],"show":[101,149],"certain":[103],"properties":[104],"cortex,":[108],"muscle":[111],"synergies,":[112],"can":[113],"naturally":[114],"be":[115],"obtained.":[116],"We":[117],"also":[118],"demonstrate":[119],"optimization":[122,152],"process":[123,153],"produces":[124,154],"stable":[126],"in":[129,132,142],"which":[130],"targets":[131],"physical":[134],"space":[135],"are":[136],"mapped":[137],"attracting":[139],"fixed":[140],"points":[141],"state":[145],"space.":[146],"Finally,":[147],"this":[151],"units":[156],"spatial":[159],"temporal":[161],"patterns.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}