{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200332329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630248","title":"Semi-Supervised Segmentation of Renal Pathology: An Alternative to Manual Segmentation and Input to Deep Learning Training","display_name":"Semi-Supervised Segmentation of Renal Pathology: An Alternative to Manual Segmentation and Input to Deep Learning Training","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200332329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630248","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34891805"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630248","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068535792","display_name":"Adrienne Kline","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0052-0685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adrienne Kline","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109552023","display_name":"Hyun Jae Chung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyun Jae Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007704963","display_name":"Waleed Rahmani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3903-7620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waleed Rahmani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009301036","display_name":"Justin Chun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3820-7192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin Chun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068535792"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2513,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51000187,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"2688","last_page":"2691"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9607999920845032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.954800009727478,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7708327770233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.66070556640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6223008632659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biopsy","display_name":"Biopsy","score":0.6101141571998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathognomonic","display_name":"Pathognomonic","score":0.5670637488365173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.47787562012672424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kidney","display_name":"Kidney","score":0.47685039043426514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kidney-disease","display_name":"Kidney disease","score":0.46296194195747375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.4325132369995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4249131977558136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renal-biopsy","display_name":"Renal biopsy","score":0.4240075945854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.40559840202331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.40263456106185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.27341824769973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.1395561397075653}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7708327770233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.66070556640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6223008632659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775934546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179991","display_name":"Biopsy","level":2,"score":0.6101141571998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776407475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981783","display_name":"Pathognomonic","level":3,"score":0.5670637488365173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.47787562012672424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780091579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9377","display_name":"Kidney","level":2,"score":0.47685039043426514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.46296194195747375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.4325132369995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4249131977558136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781087799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7312483","display_name":"Renal biopsy","level":3,"score":0.4240075945854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.40559840202331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.40263456106185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.27341824769973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1395561397075653}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001706","descriptor_name":"Biopsy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001706","descriptor_name":"Biopsy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001706","descriptor_name":"Biopsy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630248","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34891805","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34891805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1558353352","https://openalex.org/W1993947467","https://openalex.org/W2113236284","https://openalex.org/W2134579258","https://openalex.org/W2138927287","https://openalex.org/W2300445845","https://openalex.org/W2590235945","https://openalex.org/W2612325269","https://openalex.org/W2738501840","https://openalex.org/W2893615080","https://openalex.org/W2895027470","https://openalex.org/W2972214324","https://openalex.org/W3080677331"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2511485561","https://openalex.org/W2001746178","https://openalex.org/W2333305249","https://openalex.org/W2314178239","https://openalex.org/W2621389486","https://openalex.org/W2032455296","https://openalex.org/W2016369437","https://openalex.org/W2038942695","https://openalex.org/W2463043615","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Kidney":[0],"biopsy":[1,27,115],"interpretation":[2],"is":[3,29,64,200],"the":[4,8,19,46,49,59,95,106,149,156,163,167,175,201],"gold":[5],"standard":[6],"for":[7,12,68,82,111,256],"diagnosis":[9,16],"and":[10,32,62,84,121,139,155,187,249],"prognosis":[11],"kidney":[13,56,96,114,123],"disease.":[14],"Pathognomonic":[15],"hinges":[17],"on":[18,89,229],"correct":[20],"assessment":[21],"of":[22,51,55,92,117,142,158,166,216,258],"different":[23],"structures":[24,93,224],"within":[25,94,223],"a":[26,35,65,78,101,241,252],"that":[28,129,145],"manually":[30],"visualized":[31],"interpreted":[33],"by":[34],"renal":[36,73,209],"pathologist.":[37],"This":[38,98],"laborious":[39],"undertaking":[40],"has":[41],"spurred":[42],"attempts":[43],"to":[44,162,245],"automate":[45],"process,":[47],"offloading":[48],"consumption":[50],"temporal":[52],"resources.":[53],"Segmentation":[54],"structures,":[57],"specifically,":[58],"glomeruli,":[60,137],"tubules,":[61],"interstitium,":[63],"precursory":[66],"step":[67],"disease":[69,74,124,226,259],"classification":[70,86,257],"problems.":[71],"Translating":[72],"decision":[75],"making":[76],"into":[77,133,240,251],"deep":[79,242,253],"learning":[80,243,254],"model":[81],"diagnostic":[83],"prognostic":[85],"also":[87,235],"relies":[88],"adequate":[90],"segmentation":[91,103,165,204,248],"biopsy.":[97],"study":[99],"showcases":[100],"semi-automated":[102,150,203],"technique":[104],"where":[105],"user":[107],"defines":[108],"starting":[109],"points":[110],"glomeruli":[112],"in":[113],"images":[116],"both":[118],"healthy":[119],"normal":[120],"diabetic":[122,188],"stained":[125,211],"with":[126,207,212],"Nile":[127,213],"Red":[128],"are":[130],"subsequently":[131],"partitioned":[132],"four":[134],"areas:":[135],"background,":[136],"tubules":[138],"interstitium.":[140],"Five":[141],"30":[143],"biopsies":[144,210],"were":[146,152,160],"segmented":[147],"using":[148],"method":[151],"randomly":[153],"selected":[154],"regions":[157],"interest":[159],"compared":[161],"manual":[164],"same":[168],"images.":[169],"Dice":[170],"Similarity":[171],"Coefficients":[172],"(DSC)":[173],"between":[174],"methods":[176],"showed":[177],"excellent":[178],"agreement;":[179],"Healthy":[180],"(glomeruli:":[181,190],"0.92,":[182],"tubules:":[183,192],"0.86,":[184],"intersititium:":[185,194],"0.78)":[186],"nephropathy:":[189],"0.94,":[191],"0.80,":[193],"0.80).":[195],"To":[196],"our":[197],"knowledge":[198],"this":[199,217],"first":[202],"algorithm":[205,255],"performed":[206],"human":[208],"Red.":[214],"Utility":[215],"methodology":[218],"includes":[219],"further":[220],"image":[221],"processing":[222],"across":[225],"states":[227],"based":[228],"biological":[230],"morphological":[231],"structures.":[232],"It":[233],"can":[234],"be":[236],"used":[237],"as":[238],"input":[239,250],"network":[244],"train":[246],"semantic":[247],"states.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
