{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3095616795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630091","title":"RespireNet: A Deep Neural Network for Accurately Detecting Abnormal Lung Sounds in Limited Data Setting","display_name":"RespireNet: A Deep Neural Network for Accurately Detecting Abnormal Lung Sounds in Limited Data Setting","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3095616795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630091","mag":"3095616795","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34891348"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078701853","display_name":"Siddhartha Gairola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-1703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124949","display_name":"Microsoft Research (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w7f3w92","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siddhartha Gairola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103933664","display_name":"Francis Tom","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162141","display_name":"Microsoft (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04ww0w091","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210162141"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis Tom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162141"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060166632","display_name":"Nipun Kwatra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0354-6204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124949","display_name":"Microsoft Research (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w7f3w92","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nipun Kwatra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069671912","display_name":"Mohit Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7106-164X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124949","display_name":"Microsoft Research (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w7f3w92","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohit Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078701853"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124949"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":32.1414,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":124,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"527","last_page":"530"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12418","display_name":"Respiratory and Cough-Related Research","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8450755476951599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clipping","display_name":"Clipping (morphology)","score":0.6409047842025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.5721215009689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenation","display_name":"Concatenation (mathematics)","score":0.5445700883865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auscultation","display_name":"Auscultation","score":0.5226243138313293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5143064260482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4892675578594208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4793051779270172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4760848581790924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4611305296421051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4471559226512909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stethoscope","display_name":"Stethoscope","score":0.4291221499443054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39937371015548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36473822593688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3469861149787903}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8450755476951599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776848632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853463","display_name":"Clipping (morphology)","level":2,"score":0.6409047842025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.5721215009689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87619178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126002","display_name":"Concatenation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5445700883865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777324038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779054","display_name":"Auscultation","level":2,"score":0.5226243138313293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5143064260482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4892675578594208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4793051779270172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4760848581790924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4611305296421051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4471559226512909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779055095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162339","display_name":"Stethoscope","level":2,"score":0.4291221499443054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39937371015548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36473822593688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3469861149787903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001314","descriptor_name":"Auscultation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001314","descriptor_name":"Auscultation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001314","descriptor_name":"Auscultation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012135","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Sounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012135","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Sounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012135","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Sounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019023","descriptor_name":"Stethoscopes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019023","descriptor_name":"Stethoscopes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019023","descriptor_name":"Stethoscopes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34891348","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34891348","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1966426124","https://openalex.org/W2016016168","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2152536757","https://openalex.org/W2170748564","https://openalex.org/W2619772334","https://openalex.org/W2754136846","https://openalex.org/W2765793020","https://openalex.org/W2768465935","https://openalex.org/W2770588696","https://openalex.org/W2770896033","https://openalex.org/W2895590231","https://openalex.org/W2899245535","https://openalex.org/W2899493363","https://openalex.org/W2911746393","https://openalex.org/W2912223386","https://openalex.org/W2964439653","https://openalex.org/W2969364632","https://openalex.org/W2976001129","https://openalex.org/W2992420332","https://openalex.org/W3006115509","https://openalex.org/W3011926303","https://openalex.org/W3097359093","https://openalex.org/W3103935216","https://openalex.org/W6639204139"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W4200173597","https://openalex.org/W3116150086","https://openalex.org/W2999805992","https://openalex.org/W4380075502","https://openalex.org/W4291897433","https://openalex.org/W4223943233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Auscultation":[0],"of":[1,28,88],"respiratory":[2,56],"sounds":[3],"is":[4,65],"the":[5,54,106,114,120],"primary":[6],"tool":[7],"for":[8,68,123],"screening":[9],"and":[10,43,53,99,117],"diagnosing":[11],"lung":[12,30],"diseases.":[13,31],"Automated":[14],"analysis,":[15],"coupled":[16],"with":[17,85],"digital":[18],"stethoscopes,":[19],"can":[20],"play":[21],"a":[22,70,80,86],"crucial":[23],"role":[24],"in":[25],"enabling":[26],"tele-screening":[27],"fatal":[29],"Deep":[32],"neural":[33],"networks":[34],"(DNNs)":[35],"have":[36],"shown":[37],"potential":[38],"to":[39,103],"solve":[40],"such":[41],"problems,":[42],"are":[44,50],"an":[45],"obvious":[46],"choice.":[47],"However,":[48],"DNNs":[49],"data":[51],"hungry,":[52],"largest":[55],"dataset":[57],"ICBHI":[58,115],"has":[59],"only":[60],"6898":[61],"breathing":[62],"cycles,":[63],"which":[64],"quite":[66],"small":[67],"training":[69],"satisfactory":[71],"DNN":[72],"model.":[73],"In":[74],"this":[75],"work,":[76],"RespireNet,":[77],"we":[78],"propose":[79],"simple":[81],"CNN-based":[82],"model,":[83],"along":[84],"suite":[87],"novel":[89],"techniques-":[90],"device":[91],"specific":[92],"fine-tuning,":[93],"concatenation-based":[94],"augmentation,":[95],"blank":[96],"region":[97],"clipping,":[98],"smart":[100],"padding-enabling":[101],"us":[102],"efficiently":[104],"use":[105],"small-sized":[107],"dataset.":[108],"We":[109],"perform":[110],"extensive":[111],"evaluation":[112],"on":[113],"dataset,":[116],"improve":[118],"upon":[119],"state-of-the-art":[121],"results":[122],"4-class":[124],"classification":[125],"by":[126],"2.2%.Code:":[127],"https://github.com/microsoft/RespireNet.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-06T07:47:59.780226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
