{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200562041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630082","title":"Investigating the Relationship between Cough Detection and Sampling Frequency for Wearable Devices","display_name":"Investigating the Relationship between Cough Detection and Sampling Frequency for Wearable Devices","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200562041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630082","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892738"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630082","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mahmoud Abdelkhalek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Abdelkhalek","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jinyi Qiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyi Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michelle Hernandez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelle Hernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alper Bozkurt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alper Bozkurt","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Edgar Lobaton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edgar Lobaton","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.728,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84951456,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"7103","last_page":"7107"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12418","display_name":"Respiratory and Cough-Related Research","score":0.9722999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12418","display_name":"Respiratory and Cough-Related Research","score":0.9722999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11358","display_name":"Dysphagia Assessment and Management","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3616","display_name":"Speech and Hearing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-portability","display_name":"Software portability","score":0.6686000227928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.595300018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.5943999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5525000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.504800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-activity-detection","display_name":"Voice activity detection","score":0.38760000467300415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63000827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080428","display_name":"Software portability","level":2,"score":0.6686000227928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.595300018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.5943999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5525000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.504800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46560001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.42829999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204201278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332614","display_name":"Voice activity detection","level":3,"score":0.38760000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175079658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7312165","display_name":"Remote patient monitoring","level":2,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C293773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7608015","display_name":"Step detection","level":3,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96608239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823","display_name":"Statistical power","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003371","descriptor_name":"Cough","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003371","descriptor_name":"Cough","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003371","descriptor_name":"Cough","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630082","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34892738","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494198834","https://openalex.org/W1499522292","https://openalex.org/W1975163393","https://openalex.org/W1988264154","https://openalex.org/W2026150550","https://openalex.org/W2052666245","https://openalex.org/W2083264174","https://openalex.org/W2103364582","https://openalex.org/W2106178993","https://openalex.org/W2108950108","https://openalex.org/W2119036316","https://openalex.org/W2120194712","https://openalex.org/W2124882279","https://openalex.org/W2128492604","https://openalex.org/W2131202784","https://openalex.org/W2161787247","https://openalex.org/W2163669870","https://openalex.org/W2341262125","https://openalex.org/W2398652830","https://openalex.org/W2593116425","https://openalex.org/W2900249756","https://openalex.org/W2962910554","https://openalex.org/W2990016708","https://openalex.org/W2990691150","https://openalex.org/W2995161242","https://openalex.org/W3037038648","https://openalex.org/W3091468319","https://openalex.org/W3110777132","https://openalex.org/W6677919164","https://openalex.org/W6687566353","https://openalex.org/W6688428952","https://openalex.org/W6740195615","https://openalex.org/W6753583920","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6783737571","https://openalex.org/W6862972731"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cough":[0,29],"detection":[1,207,215,224],"can":[2,242],"provide":[3],"an":[4,125,165],"important":[5],"marker":[6],"to":[7,19,36,51,55,80,90,118,187,256],"monitor":[8],"chronic":[9],"respiratory":[10],"conditions.":[11],"However,":[12],"manual":[13],"techniques":[14],"which":[15,78],"require":[16],"human":[17],"expertise":[18],"count":[20],"coughs":[21],"are":[22],"both":[23],"expensive":[24],"and":[25,62,84,132,150,164,195,205,217,226],"time-consuming.":[26],"Recent":[27],"Automatic":[28],"Detection":[30],"Algorithms":[31],"(ACDAs)":[32],"have":[33,47],"shown":[34],"promise":[35],"meet":[37],"clinical":[38,113,129,260],"monitoring":[39,130,261],"requirements,":[40,86],"but":[41],"only":[42],"in":[43],"recent":[44],"years":[45],"they":[46],"made":[48],"their":[49,99,120,193],"way":[50],"non-clinical":[52],"settings":[53],"due":[54],"the":[56,63,105,198,221],"required":[57],"portability":[58],"of":[59,66,98,107,158,162,167,173,228],"sensing":[60],"technologies":[61],"extended":[64],"duration":[65],"data":[67],"recording.":[68],"More":[69],"precisely,":[70],"these":[71,88],"ACDAs":[72,108],"operate":[73],"at":[74,135,245],"high":[75,81],"sampling":[76,138,171,183],"frequencies,":[77],"leads":[79],"power":[82],"consumption":[83],"computing":[85],"making":[87],"difficult":[89,117],"implement":[91],"on":[92,220],"a":[93,136,145,156,160,170,181,212,237,251],"wearable":[94],"device.":[95],"Additionally,":[96],"reproducibility":[97],"performance":[100],"is":[101,116,142],"essential.":[102],"Unfortunately,":[103],"as":[104],"majority":[106],"were":[109],"developed":[110],"using":[111,144,169,236],"private":[112],"data,":[114],"it":[115],"reproduce":[119],"results.":[121],"We,":[122],"hereby,":[123],"present":[124],"ACDA":[126,141],"that":[127,180],"meets":[128],"requirements":[131],"reliably":[133],"operates":[134],"low":[137,182],"frequency.":[139],"This":[140],"implemented":[143],"convolutional":[146],"neural":[147],"network":[148],"(CNN),":[149],"publicly":[151,238],"available":[152,239],"data.":[153],"It":[154],"achieves":[155],"sensitivity":[157,252],"92.7%,":[159],"specificity":[161],"92.3%,":[163],"accuracy":[166,225],"92.5%":[168],"frequency":[172,184],"just":[174],"750":[175,246],"Hz.":[176],"We":[177],"also":[178],"show":[179],"allows":[185],"us":[186],"preserve":[188],"patients'":[189],"privacy":[190,204],"by":[191],"obfuscating":[192],"speech,":[194],"we":[196,241],"analyze":[197],"trade-off":[199,222],"between":[200,223],"speech":[201,229],"obfuscation":[202,227],"for":[203,230,259],"cough":[206,214],"accuracy.Clinical":[208],"relevance-This":[209],"paper":[210],"presents":[211],"new":[213],"technique":[216],"preliminary":[218],"analysis":[219],"privacy.":[231],"These":[232],"findings":[233],"indicate":[234],"that,":[235],"dataset,":[240],"sample":[243],"signals":[244],"Hz":[247],"while":[248],"still":[249],"maintaining":[250],"above":[253],"90%,":[254],"suggested":[255],"be":[257],"sufficient":[258],"[1].":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
