{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200201173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630025","title":"Novel Continuous Respiratory Rate Monitoring Using an Armband Wearable Sensor","display_name":"Novel Continuous Respiratory Rate Monitoring Using an Armband Wearable Sensor","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200201173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630025","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892821"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nicholas Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biofourmis Inc., Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biofourmis Inc., Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Menglian Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Menglian Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biofourmis Inc., Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biofourmis Inc., Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dayi Bian","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dayi Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biofourmis Inc., Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biofourmis Inc., Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pooja Mehta","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pooja Mehta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biofourmis Inc., Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biofourmis Inc., Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Milan Shah","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milan Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biofourmis Inc., Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biofourmis Inc., Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kuldeep Singh Rajput","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuldeep Singh Rajput","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biofourmis Inc., Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biofourmis Inc., Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nandakumar Selvaraj","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nandakumar Selvaraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biofourmis Inc., Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biofourmis Inc., Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9263,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85608762,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"7470","last_page":"7475"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11670","display_name":"Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Management","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.9041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.8091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-rate","display_name":"Respiratory rate","score":0.7253999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-monitoring","display_name":"Continuous monitoring","score":0.6184999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.6176999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.4699000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4424999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.9041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.8091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8213797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754250","display_name":"Respiratory rate","level":4,"score":0.7253999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776902269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165493","display_name":"Continuous monitoring","level":2,"score":0.6184999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.6176999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5710999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.4699000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.3792000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3377000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988351347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191733","display_name":"Pulse rate","level":3,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175079658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7312165","display_name":"Remote patient monitoring","level":2,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778207410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1728669","display_name":"Capnography","level":2,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40993552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514654","display_name":"Gold standard (test)","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779358675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766250","display_name":"Respiratory monitoring","level":3,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2513999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056152","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056152","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056152","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34892821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974364930","https://openalex.org/W2124106073","https://openalex.org/W2130174624","https://openalex.org/W2272830787","https://openalex.org/W2581334051","https://openalex.org/W2745007068","https://openalex.org/W2803082824","https://openalex.org/W2898843399","https://openalex.org/W2899343544","https://openalex.org/W2899414154","https://openalex.org/W2918876655","https://openalex.org/W2963791745","https://openalex.org/W3017123388","https://openalex.org/W3048948736","https://openalex.org/W3082052804","https://openalex.org/W6647540373","https://openalex.org/W6680796707","https://openalex.org/W6683192863","https://openalex.org/W6702295049"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Photoplethysmography":[0],"(PPG)":[1],"and":[2,16,27,66,91,107,134,158],"accelerometer":[3],"(ACC)":[4],"are":[5],"commonly":[6],"integrated":[7],"into":[8],"wearable":[9,35,56,88,222],"devices":[10],"for":[11,46,163,214],"continuous":[12,26,216],"unobtrusive":[13,215],"pulse":[14],"rate":[15,31,50],"activity":[17],"monitoring":[18,218],"of":[19,48,117,124,131,138,150,155,161,191],"individuals":[20],"during":[21],"daily":[22],"life.":[23],"However,":[24],"obtaining":[25],"clinically":[28],"accurate":[29,211],"respiratory":[30,61,78],"measurements":[32,112],"using":[33,52,219],"such":[34],"sensors":[36],"remains":[37],"a":[38,43,76,92,114,135,141,148,209],"challenge.":[39],"This":[40,69,206],"article":[41],"presents":[42],"novel":[44],"algorithm":[45,71,170,213],"estimation":[47],"respiration":[49],"(RR)":[51],"an":[53,97,121,153,159,220],"upper-arm":[54],"worn":[55],"device":[57],"by":[58,201],"deriving":[59],"multiple":[60],"surrogate":[62],"signals":[63],"from":[64,82],"PPG":[65,143,193],"ACC":[67],"sensing.":[68],"RR":[70,98,102,111,179,189,212,217],"is":[72,197],"retrospectively":[73],"evaluated":[74],"on":[75],"controlled":[77],"clinical":[79],"testing":[80],"dataset":[81],"38":[83],"subjects":[84,182],"with":[85,120,183],"simultaneously":[86],"recorded":[87],"sensor":[89],"data":[90],"standard":[93,142],"capnography":[94],"monitor":[95],"as":[96],"reference.":[99],"The":[100],"proposed":[101,169],"method":[103,146,196],"shows":[104],"great":[105],"performance":[106,190],"robustness":[108],"in":[109,176,181],"determining":[110,178],"over":[113],"wide":[115],"range":[116],"4-59":[118],"brpm":[119],"overall":[122],"bias":[123,149],"-1.3":[125],"brpm,":[126,133,152,157],"mean":[127],"absolute":[128],"error":[129],"(MAE)":[130],"2.7\u00b11.6":[132],"meager":[136],"outage":[137,160],"0.3\u00b11.2%,":[139],"while":[140,187],"Smart":[144,194],"Fusion":[145,195],"produces":[147],"-3.6":[151],"MAE":[154],"5.5\u00b13.1":[156],"0.7\u00b12.5%":[162],"direct":[164],"comparison.":[165],"In":[166],"addition,":[167],"the":[168,188,192,202],"showed":[171],"no":[172],"significant":[173],"differences":[174],"(p=0.63)":[175],"accurately":[177],"values":[180],"darker":[184,203],"skin":[185,204],"tones,":[186],"significantly":[198],"(P<0.001)":[199],"affected":[200],"pigmentation.":[205],"study":[207],"demonstrates":[208],"highly":[210],"armband":[221],"device.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-26T15:22:09.906841","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
