{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200092602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629975","title":"Multi-modal Framework for Fetal Heart Rate Estimation: Fusion of Low-SNR ECG and Inertial Sensors","display_name":"Multi-modal Framework for Fetal Heart Rate Estimation: Fusion of Low-SNR ECG and Inertial Sensors","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200092602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629975","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892753"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Arash Shokouhmand","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108468826","display_name":"Stevens Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02z43xh36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arash Shokouhmand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Clarel Antoine","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clarel Antoine","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bruce K. Young","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce K. Young","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Negar Tavassolian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108468826","display_name":"Stevens Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02z43xh36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Negar Tavassolian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9258,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85291868,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"7166","last_page":"7169"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.6723999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.6723999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11184","display_name":"Neonatal and fetal brain pathology","score":0.18860000371932983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.07530000060796738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiotocography","display_name":"Cardiotocography","score":0.6456999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilbert\u2013huang-transform","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","score":0.6401000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fetal-heart-rate","display_name":"Fetal heart rate","score":0.6129000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.5034000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.482699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4700999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.4700999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4058000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrocardiography","display_name":"Electrocardiography","score":0.3982999920845032}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776046940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886292","display_name":"Cardiotocography","level":4,"score":0.6456999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25570617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006462","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","level":3,"score":0.6401000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020626262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886292","display_name":"Fetal heart rate","level":4,"score":0.6129000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5248000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5246000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.5034000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.482699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.4700999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4700999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4058000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780040984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79785","display_name":"Electrocardiography","level":2,"score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.3928000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141353440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182221","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","level":2,"score":0.3849000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175079658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7312165","display_name":"Remote patient monitoring","level":2,"score":0.3490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019522753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2657962","display_name":"Fetal heart","level":4,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71635504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933954","display_name":"Heart rate variability","level":4,"score":0.25440001487731934}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005333","descriptor_name":"Fetus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005333","descriptor_name":"Fetus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005333","descriptor_name":"Fetus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006340","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate, Fetal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006340","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate, Fetal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006340","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate, Fetal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015148","descriptor_name":"Cardiotocography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015148","descriptor_name":"Cardiotocography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015148","descriptor_name":"Cardiotocography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34892753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W204095341","https://openalex.org/W1983598147","https://openalex.org/W2028643935","https://openalex.org/W2064115257","https://openalex.org/W2065506507","https://openalex.org/W2160033581","https://openalex.org/W2160900876","https://openalex.org/W2166423821","https://openalex.org/W2337433114","https://openalex.org/W2615076654","https://openalex.org/W2963784340","https://openalex.org/W3080855556","https://openalex.org/W6775679023"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,28,111],"novel":[4],"multi-modal":[5],"framework":[6,151],"for":[7,153],"fetal":[8,48],"heart":[9,49],"rate":[10,50],"extraction,":[11],"which":[12],"incorporates":[13],"wearable":[14,184],"seismo-cardiography":[15],"(SCG),":[16],"gyro-cardiography":[17],"(GCG),":[18],"and":[19,85,98,106,141,171,182],"electrocardiography":[20],"(ECG)":[21],"readings":[22,109],"from":[23,61,110],"ten":[24],"pregnant":[25],"women.":[26,166],"Firstly,":[27],"signal":[29,44,179],"refinement":[30],"method":[31],"based":[32],"on":[33],"empirical":[34],"mode":[35],"decomposition":[36],"(EMD)":[37],"is":[38,70,117,169],"proposed":[39,150],"to":[40,57,72,124,174],"extract":[41],"the":[42,59,74,120,125,154,158,162,175],"desired":[43],"components":[45],"associated":[46],"with":[47,108,128],"(FHR).":[51],"Afterwards,":[52],"two":[53],"techniques":[54,181],"are":[55,104],"developed":[56],"fuse":[58],"information":[60],"different":[62,78],"modalities.":[63],"The":[64,88,149,167],"first":[65],"method,":[66],"named":[67],"early":[68],"fusion,":[69,82,84,94],"intended":[71],"combine":[73],"refined":[75],"signals":[76],"of":[77,130,136,145,157,161,177],"modalities":[79],"through":[80],"intra-modality":[81],"intermodality":[83,99],"FHR":[86,96,100,102],"estimation.":[87],"other":[89],"fusion":[90],"approach,":[91],"i.e.,":[92],"late":[93],"includes":[95],"estimation":[97],"fusion.":[101],"values":[103],"estimated":[105],"compared":[107],"simultaneously-recorded":[112],"cardiotocography":[113],"(CTG)":[114],"sensor.":[115],"It":[116],"demonstrated":[118],"that":[119],"best":[121],"performance":[122],"belongs":[123],"late-fusion":[126],"approach":[127,168],"87.00%":[129],"positive":[131],"percent":[132,138],"agreement":[133],"(PPA),":[134],"6.30%":[135],"absolute":[137],"error":[139],"(APE),":[140],"10.55":[142],"beats-per-minute":[143],"(BPM)":[144],"root-meansquare-error":[146],"(RMSE).Clinical":[147],"Relevance-":[148],"allows":[152],"continuous":[155],"monitoring":[156],"health":[159],"status":[160],"fetus":[163],"in":[164],"expectant":[165],"accurate":[170],"cost-effective":[172],"due":[173],"use":[176],"advanced":[178],"processing":[180],"lowcost":[183],"sensors,":[185],"respectively.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}