{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200080026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629932","title":"Axonal Conduction Delay Shapes the Precision of the Spatial Hearing in A Spiking Neural Network Model of Auditory Brainstem","display_name":"Axonal Conduction Delay Shapes the Precision of the Spatial Hearing in A Spiking Neural Network Model of Auditory Brainstem","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200080026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629932","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ben-Zheng Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51713134","display_name":"University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/03wmf1y16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]}],"countries":["MO","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben-Zheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA","State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed- Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed- Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sio Hang Pun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sio Hang Pun","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed- Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed- Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mang I Vai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mang I Vai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Macau, Macau","State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed- Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Macau, Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed- Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Achim Klug","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51713134","display_name":"University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/03wmf1y16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Achim Klug","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tim C. Lei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim C. Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1875,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"4238","last_page":"4241"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10334","display_name":"Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics","score":0.6966999769210815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2809","display_name":"Sensory Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10334","display_name":"Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics","score":0.6966999769210815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2809","display_name":"Sensory Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10283","display_name":"Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation","score":0.18440000712871552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.03440000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axon","display_name":"Axon","score":0.7418000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brainstem","display_name":"Brainstem","score":0.7163000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound-localization","display_name":"Sound localization","score":0.6216999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interaural-time-difference","display_name":"Interaural time difference","score":0.5300999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitatory-postsynaptic-potential","display_name":"Excitatory postsynaptic potential","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-neural-network","display_name":"Biological neural network","score":0.43639999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurophysiology","display_name":"Neurophysiology","score":0.4113999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superior-olivary-complex","display_name":"Superior olivary complex","score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auditory-perception","display_name":"Auditory perception","score":0.38029998540878296}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178999","display_name":"Axon","level":2,"score":0.7418000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.7196000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551621295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182228","display_name":"Brainstem","level":2,"score":0.7163000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68236139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765652","display_name":"Sound localization","level":2,"score":0.6216999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103364767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1807562","display_name":"Interaural time difference","level":3,"score":0.5300999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112592302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207387","display_name":"Excitatory postsynaptic potential","level":3,"score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118403218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43283","display_name":"Biological neural network","level":2,"score":0.43639999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152478114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660910","display_name":"Neurophysiology","level":2,"score":0.4113999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778037994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3881782","display_name":"Superior olivary complex","level":4,"score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160289","display_name":"Auditory perception","level":3,"score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17077164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185869","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","level":2,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36649999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777443451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q821413","display_name":"Auditory system","level":2,"score":0.36480000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.3634999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778609137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105790271","display_name":"Myelin","level":3,"score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207579572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141582","display_name":"Coincidence detection in neurobiology","level":4,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777662796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387776","display_name":"Cochlear nucleus","level":3,"score":0.3296999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15152581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7833966","display_name":"Transduction (biophysics)","level":2,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776796419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2519137","display_name":"Cochlear nerve","level":3,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778500370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212344","display_name":"Inner ear","level":2,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780130748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317857","display_name":"Cochlea","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908709693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q821413","display_name":"Auditory pathways","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199215989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79239196","display_name":"Slit","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185263204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154774","display_name":"Electrophysiology","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104122410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416406","display_name":"Network model","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001307","descriptor_name":"Auditory Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001307","descriptor_name":"Auditory Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001307","descriptor_name":"Auditory Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001933","descriptor_name":"Brain Stem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001933","descriptor_name":"Brain Stem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001933","descriptor_name":"Brain Stem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006309","descriptor_name":"Hearing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006309","descriptor_name":"Hearing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006309","descriptor_name":"Hearing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013017","descriptor_name":"Sound Localization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013017","descriptor_name":"Sound Localization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013017","descriptor_name":"Sound Localization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34892159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337495","display_name":"Technology Development","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W632980993","https://openalex.org/W1995817384","https://openalex.org/W2028288161","https://openalex.org/W2041118149","https://openalex.org/W2058099333","https://openalex.org/W2059419535","https://openalex.org/W2063609492","https://openalex.org/W2075759996","https://openalex.org/W2084598301","https://openalex.org/W2087882934","https://openalex.org/W2109447493","https://openalex.org/W2109833332","https://openalex.org/W2156326756","https://openalex.org/W2255839289","https://openalex.org/W2618691108","https://openalex.org/W2792867748","https://openalex.org/W6759153829","https://openalex.org/W6775250363"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"method":[1],"by":[2,13],"which":[3,77],"the":[4,15,19,26,31,35,42,47,65,100,109,129,133,138,151,153,160,166,171,183,190],"mammalian":[5],"sound":[6,10,24,88,112],"localization":[7,89],"pathway":[8],"localizes":[9],"sources":[11],"is":[12],"analyzing":[14],"microsecond-level":[16],"difference":[17],"between":[18],"arrival":[20],"times":[21],"of":[22,61,87,99,111,155,163],"a":[23,94,146],"at":[25],"two":[27,43],"ears.":[28],"However,":[29],"how":[30,105],"neural":[32,96],"circuits":[33],"in":[34,64,83,132,165],"auditory":[36,66,101],"brainstem":[37,67,102],"precisely":[38],"integrate":[39],"signals":[40],"from":[41],"ears,":[44],"and":[45,73,124,128,137,200],"what":[46],"underlying":[48],"mechanisms":[49],"are,":[50],"remains":[51],"to":[52,103,170],"be":[53],"understood.":[54],"Recent":[55],"studies":[56],"have":[57,78],"reported":[58],"that":[59,197],"variations":[60],"axon":[62,106,130,148,198],"myelination":[63,199],"produces":[68],"various":[69],"axonal":[70,140],"conduction":[71,141],"velocities":[72],"sophisticated":[74],"temporal":[75],"dynamics,":[76],"not":[79],"been":[80],"well":[81],"characterized":[82],"most":[84],"existing":[85],"models":[86],"circuits.":[90],"Here,":[91],"we":[92],"present":[93],"spiking":[95],"network":[97,134],"model":[98],"investigate":[104],"myelinations":[107],"affect":[108],"precision":[110],"localization.":[113],"Sound":[114],"waves":[115],"with":[116,145,159],"different":[117],"interaural":[118],"time":[119],"differences":[120],"(ITDs)":[121],"are":[122,135,143],"encoded":[123],"used":[125],"as":[126],"stimuli,":[127],"properties":[131],"adjusted,":[136],"corresponding":[139],"delays":[142],"computed":[144],"multi-compartment":[147],"model.":[149],"Through":[150],"simulation,":[152],"sensitivity":[154],"ITD":[156,177],"perception":[157,178],"varies":[158],"myelin":[161],"thickness":[162],"axons":[164],"contralateral":[167,184,191,201],"input":[168,186],"pathways":[169],"medial":[172],"superior":[173],"olive":[174],"(MSO).":[175],"The":[176],"becomes":[179],"more":[180],"precise":[181],"when":[182],"inhibitory":[185],"propagates":[187],"faster":[188],"than":[189],"excitatory":[192],"input.":[193],"These":[194],"results":[195],"indicate":[196],"spike":[202],"timing":[203],"influence":[204],"spatial":[205],"hearing":[206],"perception.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}