{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200005536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629856","title":"Towards Stroke Biomarkers on Fundus Retinal Imaging: A Comparison Between Vasculature Embeddings and General Purpose Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"Towards Stroke Biomarkers on Fundus Retinal Imaging: A Comparison Between Vasculature Embeddings and General Purpose Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200005536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629856","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892078"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629856","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8981508","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032164412","display_name":"Ivan Coronado","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Coronado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056911306","display_name":"Rania Abdelkhaleq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9619-6105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rania Abdelkhaleq","raw_affiliation_strings":["McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075789558","display_name":"Juntao Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juntao Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108860839","display_name":"Sergio Salazar Marioni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Salazar Marioni","raw_affiliation_strings":["McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039659999","display_name":"Amanda Jagolino\u2010Cole","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8504-6224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amanda Jagolino-Cole","raw_affiliation_strings":["McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009464457","display_name":"Roomasa Channa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0755-6901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roomasa Channa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073053835","display_name":"Samiksha Pachade","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5226-6706"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samiksha Pachade","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in Signal and Image Processing, Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nanded, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Signal and Image Processing, Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nanded, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000212230","display_name":"Sunil A. Sheth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0602-8509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunil A. Sheth","raw_affiliation_strings":["McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026804774","display_name":"Luca Giancardo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4862-2277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Giancardo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032164412"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8198,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84301887,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"3873","last_page":"3876"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12599","display_name":"Retinal and Optic Conditions","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.8204537630081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7159956693649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5698070526123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarker","display_name":"Biomarker","score":0.5674455761909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retina","display_name":"Retina","score":0.5352139472961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.48641204833984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.42409634590148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarker-discovery","display_name":"Biomarker discovery","score":0.4198855757713318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3965500593185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.20842838287353516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.15346220135688782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.13168376684188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.09423452615737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proteomics","display_name":"Proteomics","score":0.07511982321739197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8204537630081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7159956693649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5698070526123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.5674455761909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.5352139472961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.48641204833984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.42409634590148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124535831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915074","display_name":"Biomarker discovery","level":4,"score":0.4198855757713318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3965500593185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20842838287353516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.15346220135688782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.13168376684188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09423452615737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46111723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471857","display_name":"Proteomics","level":3,"score":0.07511982321739197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629856","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34892078","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892078","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8981508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8981508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8981508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8981508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5850737185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MC_PC_17228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W353261369","https://openalex.org/W1560446111","https://openalex.org/W2029255095","https://openalex.org/W2033723371","https://openalex.org/W2059337598","https://openalex.org/W2082704080","https://openalex.org/W2114404799","https://openalex.org/W2127302541","https://openalex.org/W2129098176","https://openalex.org/W2145305441","https://openalex.org/W2150769593","https://openalex.org/W2156219382","https://openalex.org/W2170616084","https://openalex.org/W2752747624","https://openalex.org/W2755279082","https://openalex.org/W2768348081","https://openalex.org/W2785523195","https://openalex.org/W2906276356","https://openalex.org/W2965557659","https://openalex.org/W3016970897","https://openalex.org/W3103934428","https://openalex.org/W3138333274","https://openalex.org/W6745609711","https://openalex.org/W6747620207"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119498694","https://openalex.org/W1977334515","https://openalex.org/W2037746501","https://openalex.org/W2093210804","https://openalex.org/W112583468","https://openalex.org/W1993625448","https://openalex.org/W96119380","https://openalex.org/W4298030740","https://openalex.org/W3023706879","https://openalex.org/W4246773350"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fundus":[0],"Retinal":[1],"imaging":[2,77],"is":[3,24],"an":[4,32,73,144],"easy-to-acquire":[5],"modality":[6],"typically":[7,44],"used":[8,131],"for":[9,35,216],"monitoring":[10],"eye":[11],"health.":[12],"Current":[13],"evidence":[14],"indicates":[15],"that":[16,173],"the":[17,51,81,109,120,140,147,157,161,174,217,220,226],"retina,":[18],"and":[19,94,136,143,159,195,202],"its":[20,153],"vasculature":[21,67,148,158,178],"in":[22,108,132,225],"particular,":[23],"associated":[25],"with":[26,188],"other":[27,186],"disease":[28],"processes":[29],"making":[30],"it":[31],"ideal":[33],"candidate":[34],"biomarker":[36,99,134,206],"discovery.":[37,88],"The":[38],"development":[39,52],"of":[40,105,111,116,146,163,197,213,219,228],"these":[41],"biomarkers":[42,78],"has":[43,180],"relied":[45],"on":[46,139,177],"predefined":[47],"measurements,":[48],"which":[49,151],"makes":[50],"process":[53],"slow.":[54],"Recently,":[55],"representation":[56,155,194],"learning":[57],"algorithms":[58],"such":[59,231],"as":[60,72,222,232],"general":[61],"purpose":[62],"convolutional":[63,127],"neural":[64,128],"networks":[65,129],"or":[66,182],"embeddings":[68,179],"have":[69],"been":[70],"proposed":[71],"approach":[74,150],"to":[75,102],"learn":[76],"directly":[79,137],"from":[80,119,156,166],"data,":[82],"hence":[83],"greatly":[84],"speeding":[85],"up":[86],"their":[87],"In":[89],"this":[90],"work,":[91],"we":[92,171],"compare":[93],"contrast":[95],"different":[96],"state-of-the-art":[97],"retina":[98,133,221],"discovery":[100,135,207],"methods":[101,187],"identify":[103],"signs":[104],"past":[106],"stroke":[107,141,233],"retinas":[110],"a":[112,189,210,223],"curated":[113,211],"patient":[114],"cohort":[115],"2,472":[117],"subjects":[118],"UK":[121],"Biobank":[122],"dataset.":[123],"We":[124],"investigate":[125],"two":[126],"previously":[130],"trained":[138],"outcome,":[142],"extension":[145],"embedding":[149],"infers":[152],"feature":[154,193],"combines":[160],"information":[162],"retinal":[164,205],"images":[165],"both":[167],"eyes.In":[168],"our":[169],"experiments,":[170],"show":[172],"pipeline":[175],"based":[176],"comparable":[181],"better":[183],"performance":[184],"than":[185],"much":[190],"more":[191],"compact":[192],"ease":[196],"training.Clinical":[198],"Relevance-This":[199],"study":[200],"compares":[201],"contrasts":[203],"three":[204],"strategies,":[208],"using":[209],"dataset":[212],"subject":[214],"evidence,":[215],"analysis":[218],"proxy":[224],"assessment":[227],"clinical":[229],"outcomes,":[230],"risk.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}