{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200153693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629830","title":"Automatic and Robust Identification of Spontaneous Coughs from COVID-19 Patients","display_name":"Automatic and Robust Identification of Spontaneous Coughs from COVID-19 Patients","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200153693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629830","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34891735"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michael J. Pettinati","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Pettinati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biofourmis Inc, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biofourmis Inc, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiyu Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biofourmis Inc, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biofourmis Inc, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ali Jalali","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Jalali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biofourmis Inc, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biofourmis Inc, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kuldeep Singh Rajput","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuldeep Singh Rajput","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biofourmis Inc, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biofourmis Inc, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nandakumar Selvaraj","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nandakumar Selvaraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biofourmis Inc, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biofourmis Inc, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6067,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57509434,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"2252","last_page":"2257"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.5303999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.5303999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12418","display_name":"Respiratory and Cough-Related Research","score":0.37220001220703125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":0.012600000016391277,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5257999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.47350001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.461899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.41339999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38510000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-cough","display_name":"Chronic cough","score":0.3785000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.3736000061035156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5257999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5254999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5115000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5005999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.47350001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.461899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.41339999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38510000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777707825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60791486","display_name":"Chronic cough","level":3,"score":0.3785000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.3474999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175079658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7312165","display_name":"Remote patient monitoring","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003371","descriptor_name":"Cough","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003371","descriptor_name":"Cough","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003371","descriptor_name":"Cough","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011996","descriptor_name":"Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011996","descriptor_name":"Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011996","descriptor_name":"Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34891735","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34891735","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985793563","https://openalex.org/W2026150550","https://openalex.org/W2052666245","https://openalex.org/W2065801933","https://openalex.org/W2112739286","https://openalex.org/W2775794021","https://openalex.org/W2789876780","https://openalex.org/W2962910554","https://openalex.org/W3015034944","https://openalex.org/W3028563376","https://openalex.org/W3045116225","https://openalex.org/W3091468319","https://openalex.org/W4200062761","https://openalex.org/W6778468324","https://openalex.org/W6786650968"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cough":[0],"is":[1,11,61,76],"one":[2],"of":[3,8,69,96,135,151],"the":[4,64,152,164,193],"most":[5],"common":[6],"symptoms":[7],"COVID-19.":[9],"It":[10,104],"easily":[12],"recorded":[13],"using":[14],"a":[15,23,39,46,51,138,143,155,160,175,179],"smartphone":[16],"for":[17,53,63,200],"further":[18],"analysis.":[19],"This":[20,171],"makes":[21],"it":[22],"great":[24],"way":[25],"to":[26,43,88,183,191],"track":[27],"and":[28,67,71,100,149,169,186,198],"possibly":[29],"identify":[30,44],"patients":[31,85],"with":[32],"COVID.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35],"paper,":[36],"we":[37],"present":[38],"deep":[40],"learning-based":[41],"algorithm":[42,75,125,172],"whether":[45],"patient's":[47,194],"audio":[48],"recording":[49],"contains":[50],"cough":[52,59,99,102,110,145],"subsequent":[54],"COVID":[55],"screening.":[56],"More":[57],"generally,":[58],"identification":[60],"valuable":[62],"remote":[65],"monitoring":[66],"tracking":[68],"infections":[70],"chronic":[72],"conditions.":[73],"Our":[74,124],"validated":[77],"on":[78,137,154],"our":[79],"novel":[80],"dataset":[81,94],"in":[82,178],"which":[83],"COVID-19":[84,188],"were":[86],"instructed":[87],"volunteer":[89],"natural":[90],"coughs.":[91],"The":[92,147],"validation":[93,139,165],"consists":[95],"real":[97],"patient":[98,189],"no":[101],"audio.":[103],"was":[105,167],"supplemented":[106],"by":[107,163],"files":[108],"without":[109],"from":[111],"publicly":[112],"available":[113],"datasets":[114],"that":[115],"had":[116,126],"cough-like":[117],"sounds":[118],"including:":[119],"throat":[120],"clearing,":[121],"snoring,":[122],"etc.":[123],"an":[127],"area":[128],"under":[129],"receiver":[130],"operating":[131],"characteristic":[132],"curve":[133],"statistic":[134],"0.977":[136],"set":[140,162],"when":[141],"making":[142],"cough/no":[144],"determination.":[146],"specificity":[148],"sensitivity":[150],"model":[153],"reserved":[156],"test":[157],"set,":[158,166],"at":[159],"threshold":[161],"0.845":[168],"0.976.":[170],"serves":[173],"as":[174],"fundamental":[176],"step":[177],"larger":[180],"cascading":[181],"process":[182],"monitor,":[184],"extract,":[185],"analyze":[187],"coughs":[190],"detect":[192],"health":[195],"status,":[196],"symptoms,":[197],"potential":[199],"deterioration.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}