{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200045737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629750","title":"Mechanical Analysis of the Quadruple Butterfly Coil during Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Magnetic Resonance Imaging","display_name":"Mechanical Analysis of the Quadruple Butterfly Coil during Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Magnetic Resonance Imaging","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200045737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629750","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34891570"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Oluwaponmile F. Afuwape","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oluwaponmile F. Afuwape","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University,Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering,Ames,IA,USA,50011"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University,Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering,Ames,IA,USA,50011","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Winnie M. Kiarie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Winnie M. Kiarie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University,Department of Material Science and Engineering,Ames,IA,USA,50011"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University,Department of Material Science and Engineering,Ames,IA,USA,50011","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sarah A. Bentil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah A. Bentil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University,Department of Mechanical Engineering,Ames,IA,USA,50011"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University,Department of Mechanical Engineering,Ames,IA,USA,50011","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"David C. Jiles","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David C. Jiles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University,Departments of Electrical and Computer, and Material Science and Engineering,Ames,IA,USA,50011"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University,Departments of Electrical and Computer, and Material Science and Engineering,Ames,IA,USA,50011","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1714,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31958763,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"1504","last_page":"1507"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12476","display_name":"Intraoperative Neuromonitoring and Anesthetic Effects","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","score":0.8664000034332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.7153000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.6711999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lorentz-force","display_name":"Lorentz force","score":0.649399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.4810999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-coil","display_name":"Search coil","score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomagnetism","display_name":"Biomagnetism","score":0.3540000021457672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.8664000034332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.7153000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.6711999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140190676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172137","display_name":"Lorentz force","level":3,"score":0.649399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.5424000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4810999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.4796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63236149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635465","display_name":"Search coil","level":4,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78902741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915071","display_name":"Biomagnetism","level":3,"score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776099285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244404","display_name":"Electric shock","level":2,"score":0.3538999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157479481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831","display_name":"Magnetic flux","level":3,"score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102130693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q988780","display_name":"Electromagnetic induction","level":3,"score":0.3260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60799052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221","display_name":"Electric field","level":2,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28843909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177625","display_name":"Electromagnetic field","level":2,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5667645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217255","display_name":"Lorentz transformation","level":2,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95390329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665093","display_name":"Magnetostatics","level":3,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4141045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83183","display_name":"Depolarization","level":2,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83581075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361503","display_name":"Excitation","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006257","descriptor_name":"Head","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006257","descriptor_name":"Head","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006257","descriptor_name":"Head","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34891570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34891570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311090","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016252294","https://openalex.org/W2021018218","https://openalex.org/W2074955389","https://openalex.org/W2107184087","https://openalex.org/W2119422584","https://openalex.org/W2123712730","https://openalex.org/W2161721116","https://openalex.org/W2170485134","https://openalex.org/W2292600623","https://openalex.org/W2566061360","https://openalex.org/W2889407140","https://openalex.org/W2911247438","https://openalex.org/W2911639238","https://openalex.org/W2921180214","https://openalex.org/W2953252649","https://openalex.org/W3118699066"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transcranial":[0],"Magnetic":[1,108],"Stimulation":[2],"(TMS)":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,18,190,199,233],"tool":[6],"for":[7],"the":[8,33,36,46,57,61,80,97,120,127,144,149,156,170,178,183,203,206,210,224,227,244],"treatment":[9],"of":[10,35,56,63,82,99,119,148,164,182,209,226],"psychiatric":[11],"and":[12,88,112,146,153,180,186,217,238],"neurological":[13],"disorders.":[14],"It":[15],"involves":[16],"using":[17],"transient":[19],"magnetic":[20,139,211],"field":[21,30,140],"generated":[22],"from":[23,243],"electromagnetic":[24],"coils":[25,84,129,158],"in":[26,42,45,70,133,160,198,223,232],"inducing":[27],"an":[28,43],"electric":[29,49],"(E-field)":[31],"within":[32],"neurons":[34,58],"brain.":[37],"The":[38],"induced":[39],"E-field":[40],"results":[41],"increase":[44],"brain":[47],"membrane's":[48],"potential,":[50],"leading":[51],"to":[52,115,176],"polarization":[53],"or":[54],"depolarization":[55],"depending":[59],"on":[60,78],"mode":[62],"treatment.":[64],"There":[65],"has":[66,95],"been":[67,96],"much":[68],"development":[69,94],"TMS":[71,83,100,128,157,192,246],"technology":[72],"recently,":[73],"with":[74,101],"most":[75],"research":[76],"focusing":[77],"improving":[79],"performance":[81],"at":[85],"greater":[86],"depths":[87],"achieving":[89],"more":[90],"localized":[91],"stimulation.":[92],"Another":[93],"combination":[98],"other":[102],"medical":[103],"techniques":[104],"such":[105],"as":[106],"Functional":[107],"Resonance":[109],"Imaging":[110],"(fMRI)":[111],"Electroencephalography":[113],"(EEG)":[114],"enable":[116],"accurate":[117],"mapping":[118],"brain's":[121],"electrical":[122],"activity":[123],"during":[124],"TMS.":[125],"However,":[126],"experience":[130,159],"large":[131],"forces":[132,185],"this":[134,161,168],"new":[135],"highly":[136],"energized":[137],"external":[138],"environment.":[141],"Accurately":[142],"determining":[143],"magnitude":[145,179],"location":[147,181],"Lorentz":[150,184,214],"force,":[151],"torque,":[152],"stresses":[154,187],"that":[155],"environment":[162],"becomes":[163],"utmost":[165],"importance.":[166],"In":[167],"chapter,":[169],"authors":[171],"used":[172],"finite":[173],"element":[174],"analysis":[175],"determine":[177],"experienced":[188],"by":[189],"novel":[191],"coil,":[193],"Quadruple":[194],"Butterfly":[195],"Coil":[196],"(QBC),":[197],"TMS-fMRI":[200,204],"operation.":[201,247],"With":[202],"operation,":[205],"maximum":[207],"values":[208],"flux":[212],"density,":[213,216],"force":[215],"von":[218],"Mises":[219],"stress":[220],"were":[221],"observed":[222],"z-axis":[225],"QBC":[228],"orientation.":[229],"They":[230],"resulted":[231],"39.65":[234],"%,":[235,237],"38.94":[236],"94.59":[239],"%":[240],"increase,":[241],"respectively,":[242],"typical":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}