{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4230056793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629663","title":"A Computational Model of Phosphene Appearance for Epiretinal Prostheses","display_name":"A Computational Model of Phosphene Appearance for Epiretinal Prostheses","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4230056793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629663","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3931s2d5","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049468925","display_name":"Jacob Granley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9024-2454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jacob Granley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075606209","display_name":"Michael Beyeler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-844X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Beyeler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Computer Science and Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Computer Science and Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049468925"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.5769,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4477","last_page":"4481"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphene","display_name":"Phosphene","score":0.989885151386261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7025448083877563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-model","display_name":"Computational model","score":0.629314661026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-prosthesis","display_name":"Visual prosthesis","score":0.6196052432060242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5295670628547668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4298918843269348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.3151356875896454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retina","display_name":"Retina","score":0.2754330039024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","score":0.1824130415916443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.14761829376220703}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154145042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072103","display_name":"Phosphene","level":4,"score":0.989885151386261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7025448083877563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.629314661026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778560042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q540043","display_name":"Visual prosthesis","level":3,"score":0.6196052432060242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5295670628547668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4298918843269348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3151356875896454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.2754330039024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.1824130415916443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14761829376220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629663","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3931s2d5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3931s2d5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), vol 00","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9255280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9255280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3931s2d5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3931s2d5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), vol 00","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1778783464","https://openalex.org/W1902485499","https://openalex.org/W1976408315","https://openalex.org/W1995976753","https://openalex.org/W2016971620","https://openalex.org/W2034500021","https://openalex.org/W2100548913","https://openalex.org/W2107082755","https://openalex.org/W2107454866","https://openalex.org/W2127137933","https://openalex.org/W2138387337","https://openalex.org/W2155668458","https://openalex.org/W2209723663","https://openalex.org/W2485864648","https://openalex.org/W2674339973","https://openalex.org/W2791025612","https://openalex.org/W2949423101","https://openalex.org/W2949900478","https://openalex.org/W2950139901","https://openalex.org/W2953775847","https://openalex.org/W2980246299","https://openalex.org/W2994736635","https://openalex.org/W3035001599","https://openalex.org/W3037823141","https://openalex.org/W3126955317","https://openalex.org/W6767463432"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114576932","https://openalex.org/W3217317392","https://openalex.org/W2029504060","https://openalex.org/W129473910","https://openalex.org/W2068147451","https://openalex.org/W2125808009","https://openalex.org/W2110258981","https://openalex.org/W4382630884","https://openalex.org/W3152584040","https://openalex.org/W2898172397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Retinal":[0],"neuroprostheses":[1],"are":[2],"the":[3,26,69,83,119],"only":[4],"FDA-approved":[5],"treatment":[6],"option":[7],"for":[8,135],"blinding":[9],"degenerative":[10],"diseases.":[11],"A":[12],"major":[13],"outstanding":[14],"challenge":[15],"is":[16,131,142,162],"to":[17,71,97,133,144,153],"develop":[18],"a":[19,32,41,49,61,126,156,176],"computational":[20],"model":[21,43,59,84,141],"that":[22,44,93,130],"can":[23,150],"accurately":[24],"predict":[25],"elicited":[27,120],"visual":[28,138,169],"percepts":[29],"(phosphenes)":[30],"across":[31,175],"wide":[33,177],"range":[34,178],"of":[35,51,64,118,179],"electrical":[36],"stimuli.":[37,180],"Here":[38],"we":[39,124],"present":[40],"phenomenological":[42],"predicts":[45],"phosphene":[46],"appearance":[47],"as":[48],"function":[50],"stimulus":[52],"amplitude,":[53],"frequency,":[54],"and":[55,79,104,147,149],"pulse":[56],"duration.":[57],"The":[58,140],"uses":[60],"simulated":[62],"map":[63],"nerve":[65],"fiber":[66],"bundles":[67],"in":[68,122,171],"retina":[70],"produce":[72],"phosphenes":[73,121],"with":[74,101],"accurate":[75],"brightness,":[76],"size,":[77],"orientation,":[78],"elongation.":[80],"We":[81],"validate":[82],"on":[85,105,112],"psychophysical":[86],"data":[87,154],"from":[88,155],"two":[89],"independent":[90],"studies,":[91],"showing":[92],"it":[94],"generalizes":[95],"well":[96],"new":[98],"data,":[99],"even":[100],"different":[102,106],"stimuli":[103],"electrodes.":[107],"Whereas":[108],"previous":[109],"models":[110],"focused":[111],"either":[113],"spatial":[114],"or":[115],"temporal":[116],"aspects":[117],"isolation,":[123],"describe":[125],"more":[127],"comprehensive":[128],"approach":[129],"able":[132],"account":[134],"many":[136],"reported":[137],"effects.":[139],"designed":[143],"be":[145,151],"flexible":[146],"extensible,":[148],"fit":[152],"specific":[157],"user.":[158],"Overall":[159],"this":[160],"work":[161],"an":[163],"important":[164],"first":[165],"step":[166],"towards":[167],"predicting":[168],"outcomes":[170],"retinal":[172],"prosthesis":[173],"users":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
