{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200117085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629602","title":"Ear and Finger PPG Wearables for Night and Day Beat-to-Beat Interval Detection","display_name":"Ear and Finger PPG Wearables for Night and Day Beat-to-Beat Interval Detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200117085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629602","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34891610"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629602","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Serj Haddad","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serj Haddad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senbiosys SA, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senbiosys SA, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Assim Boukhayma","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Assim Boukhayma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senbiosys SA, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senbiosys SA, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Antonino Caizzone","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonino Caizzone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senbiosys SA, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senbiosys SA, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7703,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62962019,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"1686","last_page":"1689"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beat","display_name":"Beat (acoustics)","score":0.5895000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-absolute-error","display_name":"Mean absolute error","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrocardiography","display_name":"Electrocardiography","score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interval","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34700000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189809214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829522","display_name":"Beat (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.5895000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188154048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803609","display_name":"Mean absolute error","level":3,"score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780040984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79785","display_name":"Electrocardiography","level":2,"score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908688587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933954","display_name":"RR interval","level":5,"score":0.3411000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982892191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253408","display_name":"Heart beat","level":2,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.321399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71907059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223323","display_name":"Root mean square","level":2,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112758219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16038819","display_name":"Duration (music)","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71635504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933954","display_name":"Heart rate variability","level":4,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629602","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34891610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34891610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W188715143","https://openalex.org/W1987077480","https://openalex.org/W2091314241","https://openalex.org/W4252189662","https://openalex.org/W6767712340","https://openalex.org/W6786896302"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"we":[3,170],"study":[4,64],"the":[5,22,29,47,52,58,92,108,114,117,126,131,141,156,162,179],"accuracy":[6],"of":[7,39,72,81,116,137,147,195,206],"ear":[8],"and":[9,18,51,78,83,101,120,144,151,161,185,197,203,209],"finger":[10],"photoplethysmography":[11],"(PPG)":[12],"based":[13],"inter-beat":[14],"interval":[15,24],"(IBI)":[16],"detection":[17,99,119,142,193],"estimation":[19,106,121,200],"compared":[20,129],"to":[21,44,130],"R-to-R":[23],"(RRI)":[25],"values":[26,181,205],"derived":[27],"from":[28,182],"electrocardiography":[30],"(ECG).":[31],"Seven":[32],"male":[33],"subjects":[34],"with":[35,57,68,134,190,201],"a":[36,69,96,102,145,172,187,191],"mean":[37,157,164],"age":[38],"34.29\u00b15.28":[40],"years":[41],"are":[42],"asked":[43],"wear":[45],"simultaneously":[46],"Senbiosys":[48,53],"earbud":[49,93],"SBE2200":[50],"ring":[54],"SBF2200":[55],"together":[56],"Shimmer3":[59],"ECG":[60],"development":[61],"kit.":[62],"The":[63,87],"includes":[65],"43":[66],"recordings":[67,128,133],"total":[70],"duration":[71],"72.21":[73],"hours":[74,80],"divided":[75],"into":[76],"37.10":[77],"35.11":[79],"sleep":[82,127],"wake":[84,132],"recordings,":[85],"respectively.":[86,168,212],"obtained":[88],"results":[89],"show":[90,112],"that":[91,113,176],"PPG":[94],"enables":[95],"higher":[97],"beat":[98,118,192],"rate":[100,143,194],"more":[103],"accurate":[104],"IBI":[105,180,199],"than":[107],"ring.":[109],"They":[110],"also":[111],"performance":[115,189],"is":[122],"significantly":[123],"better":[124],"for":[125],"an":[135,198],"increase":[136],"\u223c":[138,148,152],"1.5%":[139],"in":[140,155],"decrease":[146],"1":[149],"ms":[150,154,208],"4":[153],"absolute":[158],"error":[159,166],"(MAE)":[160],"root":[163],"square":[165],"(RMSE),":[167],"Moreover,":[169],"propose":[171],"novel":[173],"fusion":[174],"scheme":[175],"smartly":[177],"combines":[178],"both":[183],"devices":[184],"achieves":[186],"superior":[188],"99.22%":[196],"MAE":[202],"RMSE":[204],"7.42":[207],"13.45":[210],"ms,":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
