{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200112104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629559","title":"Unsupervised learning approach for predicting sepsis onset in ICU patients","display_name":"Unsupervised learning approach for predicting sepsis onset in ICU patients","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200112104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629559","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34891661"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Guilherme Ramos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guilherme Ramos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Erida Gjini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erida Gjini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Computational and Stochastic Mathematics, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Computational and Stochastic Mathematics, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Luis Coelho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136214","display_name":"Hospital of St. Francis Xavier","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxkp346","country_code":"PT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136214"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Coelho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nova Medical School, Hospital de S\u00e3o Francisco Xavier, Lisbon, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nova Medical School, Hospital de S\u00e3o Francisco Xavier, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136214"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Margarida Silveira","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margarida Silveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4629,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93046358,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"1916","last_page":"1919"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.6953999996185303,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.6953999996185303,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.11819999665021896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.03310000151395798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.6550999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/septic-shock","display_name":"Septic shock","score":0.6481000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.6434000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sepsis","display_name":"Sepsis","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.508400022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.45750001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-unit","display_name":"Intensive care unit","score":0.37790000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.36399999260902405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.6550999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777628635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1765564","display_name":"Septic shock","level":3,"score":0.6481000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.6434000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6162999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.582099974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778384902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183134","display_name":"Sepsis","level":2,"score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.508400022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.45750001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3831000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776376669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5094647","display_name":"Intensive care unit","level":2,"score":0.37790000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.326200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987404301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care","level":2,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003422","descriptor_name":"Critical Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003422","descriptor_name":"Critical Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003422","descriptor_name":"Critical Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012772","descriptor_name":"Shock, Septic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012772","descriptor_name":"Shock, Septic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012772","descriptor_name":"Shock, Septic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018805","descriptor_name":"Sepsis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018805","descriptor_name":"Sepsis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018805","descriptor_name":"Sepsis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34891661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34891661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993397663","https://openalex.org/W2280404143","https://openalex.org/W2396881363","https://openalex.org/W2442246762","https://openalex.org/W2883553986","https://openalex.org/W2883762974","https://openalex.org/W2900272226","https://openalex.org/W2947375759","https://openalex.org/W2992764683","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6726341914"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sepsis":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,7,25,134],"life-threatening":[3],"condition":[4],"caused":[5],"by":[6,100],"deregulated":[8],"host":[9],"response":[10],"to":[11,50,62,140],"infection.":[12],"If":[13],"not":[14],"diagnosed":[15],"at":[16],"an":[17,88,141,166],"early":[18],"stage,":[19],"septic":[20,26,64,113,168],"patients":[21],"can":[22,174],"go":[23],"into":[24],"shock,":[27],"associated":[28],"with":[29,133,155],"aggravated":[30],"patient":[31,79],"outcomes.":[32],"Research":[33],"has":[34],"been":[35],"mostly":[36],"focused":[37],"on":[38,95],"predicting":[39],"sepsis":[40],"onset":[41,66,115,170],"using":[42,82,92,122,149],"supervised":[43,135,160],"models":[44],"that":[45],"require":[46],"big":[47],"labeled":[48],"datasets":[49],"train.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53],"work":[54,164],"we":[55,86],"propose":[56],"two":[57],"fully":[58],"unsupervised":[59,151,167],"learning":[60,76],"approaches":[61,110],"predict":[63],"shock":[65,114,169],"in":[67,111,126,153,182],"the":[68,96,101,105,108,112,118,127,150,159,183],"Intensive":[69],"Care":[70],"Unit":[71],"(ICU).":[72],"Our":[73],"approach":[74,152],"includes":[75],"representations":[77],"from":[78],"multivariate":[80],"timeseries":[81],"Recurrent":[83],"Autoencoders.":[84],"Then,":[85],"apply":[87],"anomaly":[89,128],"detection":[90,129],"framework,":[91],"clustering-based":[93],"algorithms,":[94],"representation":[97],"space":[98],"learned":[99],"models.":[102],"When":[103],"evaluating":[104],"performance":[106],"of":[107,143,147],"proposed":[109],"prediction":[116,171],"task,":[117],"Variational":[119],"Autoencoder":[120],"(VAE)":[121],"Gaussian":[123],"Mixture":[124],"Models":[125],"framework":[130,172],"was":[131],"competitive":[132],"LSTM":[136],"network.":[137],"Results":[138],"led":[139],"AUC":[142],"0.82":[144],"and":[145],"F1-score":[146],"0.65":[148],"comparison":[154],"0.80,":[156],"0.66":[157],"for":[158,178],"model.Clinical":[161],"relevance-":[162],"This":[163],"proposes":[165],"which":[173],"improve":[175],"current":[176],"procedure":[177],"monitoring":[179],"infection":[180],"progression":[181],"ICU.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}