{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200372464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629553","title":"Modifying surgical implantation of deep brain stimulation leads significantly reduces RF-induced heating during 3 T MRI","display_name":"Modifying surgical implantation of deep brain stimulation leads significantly reduces RF-induced heating during 3 T MRI","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200372464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629553","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892325"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629553","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067065819","display_name":"Jasmine Vu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6288-1446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jasmine Vu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035881704","display_name":"Bhumi Bhusal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4404-9784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhumi Bhusal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042878661","display_name":"Joshua M. Rosenow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7726-2496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Rosenow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029140435","display_name":"Julie G. Pilitsis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6488-9692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77920804","display_name":"Albany Medical Center Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0307crw42","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259726","https://openalex.org/I77920804"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Pilitsis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosciences & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosciences & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77920804"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062500213","display_name":"Laleh Golestanirad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3869-6114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laleh Golestanirad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.8445,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99463519,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"4978","last_page":"4981"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10949","display_name":"Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-brain-stimulation","display_name":"Deep brain stimulation","score":0.8637897968292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead","display_name":"Lead (geology)","score":0.7981566190719604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-phantom","display_name":"Imaging phantom","score":0.6646153330802917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.6224817037582397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.5909013748168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric-heating","display_name":"Dielectric heating","score":0.5667612552642822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.5138528347015381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.4594891667366028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.45687854290008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3261657953262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3117852807044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-medicine","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","score":0.28547853231430054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.2750586271286011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09733247756958008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.0815691351890564}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778542668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618076","display_name":"Deep brain stimulation","level":4,"score":0.8637897968292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508345","display_name":"Lead (geology)","level":2,"score":0.7981566190719604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.6646153330802917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.6224817037582397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.5909013748168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186145619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466500","display_name":"Dielectric heating","level":3,"score":0.5667612552642822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5138528347015381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.4594891667366028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.45687854290008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3261657953262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3117852807044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.28547853231430054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.2750586271286011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09733247756958008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0815691351890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779734285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11085","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006361","descriptor_name":"Heating","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006361","descriptor_name":"Heating","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006361","descriptor_name":"Heating","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011846","descriptor_name":"Radio Waves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011846","descriptor_name":"Radio Waves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011846","descriptor_name":"Radio Waves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046690","descriptor_name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D046690","descriptor_name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D046690","descriptor_name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629553","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34892325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4439548220","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R00 EB021320","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00372qc85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338440","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Health","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011515258","https://openalex.org/W2025762136","https://openalex.org/W2056829188","https://openalex.org/W2063641219","https://openalex.org/W2093816193","https://openalex.org/W2409659197","https://openalex.org/W2544478099","https://openalex.org/W2567101816","https://openalex.org/W2593674278","https://openalex.org/W2808220902","https://openalex.org/W2889641161","https://openalex.org/W2899489415","https://openalex.org/W2904519396","https://openalex.org/W2912123407","https://openalex.org/W2923953642","https://openalex.org/W2945424927","https://openalex.org/W2961157710","https://openalex.org/W2966422607","https://openalex.org/W2983480092","https://openalex.org/W3082968390","https://openalex.org/W3088776729","https://openalex.org/W3092474402"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237097133","https://openalex.org/W2736727252","https://openalex.org/W2146961641","https://openalex.org/W2038602335","https://openalex.org/W2941764588","https://openalex.org/W2523544877","https://openalex.org/W2529696765","https://openalex.org/W4237239275","https://openalex.org/W2140185552","https://openalex.org/W2132234852"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radiofrequency":[0],"(RF)":[1],"heating":[2,52,85,133,149,195,213,240],"of":[3,18,62,74,92,134,150,162,176,227,234],"tissue":[4,51],"during":[5,155,241],"magnetic":[6],"resonance":[7],"imaging":[8],"(MRI)":[9],"is":[10,30,95,107,112,120],"a":[11,25,151,228],"known":[12],"safety":[13],"risk":[14],"in":[15,114,198,231,237],"the":[16,54,60,63,71,75,79,84,87,103,124,139,160,163,199,211,225,232],"presence":[17],"active":[19],"implantable":[20],"medical":[21],"devices":[22],"(AIMDs).":[23],"As":[24,101],"result,":[26],"access":[27],"to":[28,48,98,122,138,217],"MRI":[29,242],"limited":[31],"for":[32],"patients":[33,178,185],"with":[34,39,186],"these":[35],"implants":[36],"including":[37],"those":[38],"deep":[40],"brain":[41],"stimulation":[42],"(DBS)":[43],"systems.":[44],"Numerous":[45],"factors":[46],"contribute":[47],"excessive":[49],"RF":[50,132,148],"at":[53,78,86,243],"DBS":[55,76,135,153,181,235],"lead-tip,":[56],"most":[57],"notable":[58],"being":[59],"trajectory":[61,106,129,161],"lead.":[64],"Phantom":[65],"studies":[66],"have":[67],"demonstrated":[68],"that":[69,206],"looping":[70],"extracranial":[72],"portion":[73],"lead":[77,164,169,208,219],"surgical":[80,99,128,141,229],"burr":[81],"hole":[82],"reduces":[83,131],"lead-tip;":[88],"however,":[89],"clinical":[90],"implementation":[91],"this":[93,144],"technique":[94],"challenging":[96],"due":[97],"constraints.":[100],"such,":[102],"intended":[104],"looped":[105],"usually":[108],"different":[109],"from":[110,172],"what":[111],"implanted":[113],"patients.":[115],"To":[116],"date,":[117],"no":[118],"data":[119],"available":[121],"quantify":[123],"extent":[125],"by":[126,214],"which":[127],"modification":[130,230],"leads":[136,236],"compared":[137,216],"typical":[140,194],"approach.":[142],"In":[143],"work,":[145],"we":[146],"measured":[147],"commercial":[152],"system":[154],"3":[156,244],"T":[157],"MRI,":[158],"where":[159],"and":[165,183],"extension":[166],"cable":[167],"mimicked":[168],"trajectories":[170,192,209],"constructed":[171],"postoperative":[173],"CT":[174],"images":[175],"13":[177],"undergoing":[179],"modified":[180,207],"surgery":[182],"2":[184],"unmodified":[187,218],"trajectories.":[188],"Two":[189],"manually":[190],"created":[191],"mimicking":[193],"cases":[196],"seen":[197],"literature":[200],"were":[201],"also":[202],"evaluated.":[203],"We":[204],"found":[205],"reduced":[210],"average":[212],"3-folds":[215],"trajectories.Clinical":[220],"Relevance-":[221],"This":[222],"study":[223],"evaluates":[224],"performance":[226],"routing":[233],"reducing":[238],"RF-induced":[239],"T.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}