{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082972538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176851","title":"Enhancing performance of SSVEP-based BCI by unsupervised learning information from test trials","display_name":"Enhancing performance of SSVEP-based BCI by unsupervised learning information from test trials","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082972538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176851","mag":"3082972538","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018724"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176851","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100651056","display_name":"Lijie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0623-1825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5740404","display_name":"Tianjin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02mh8wx89","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5740404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University,Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine,Tianjin,China,300072"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University,Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine,Tianjin,China,300072","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743","https://openalex.org/I5740404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082279530","display_name":"Minpeng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6746-4828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5740404","display_name":"Tianjin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02mh8wx89","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5740404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minpeng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University,Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine,Tianjin,China,300072"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University,Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine,Tianjin,China,300072","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743","https://openalex.org/I5740404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053512734","display_name":"Jie Mei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4221-6275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University,College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering,Tianjin,China,300072"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University,College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering,Tianjin,China,300072","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049143293","display_name":"Jin Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-1738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University,College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering,Tianjin,China,300072"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University,College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering,Tianjin,China,300072","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100713695","display_name":"Yijun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-2150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091786","display_name":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/00g102351","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210091786","https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institude of Semiconductors,Beijing,China,100083"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institude of Semiconductors,Beijing,China,100083","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210091786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055443847","display_name":"Tzyy\u2010Ping Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-2166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tzyy-Ping Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University,College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering,Tianjin,China,300072"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University,College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering,Tianjin,China,300072","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dong Ming","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5740404","display_name":"Tianjin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02mh8wx89","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5740404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Ming","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University,Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine,Tianjin,China,300072"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University,Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine,Tianjin,China,300072","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743","https://openalex.org/I5740404"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8227,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66876013,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"3359","last_page":"3362"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.8586475849151611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.784669041633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6178191304206848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5775821208953857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5666677951812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-component-analysis","display_name":"Independent component analysis","score":0.45223870873451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/template","display_name":"Template","score":0.45125189423561096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-filter","display_name":"Spatial filter","score":0.4501153230667114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-data","display_name":"Test data","score":0.4215134382247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.41764187812805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33505356311798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.2485942244529724}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.8586475849151611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.784669041633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6178191304206848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5775821208953857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5666677951812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51432778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259145","display_name":"Independent component analysis","level":2,"score":0.45223870873451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82714645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q438331","display_name":"Template","level":2,"score":0.45125189423561096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121475858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2735911","display_name":"Spatial filter","level":2,"score":0.4501153230667114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16910744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705759","display_name":"Test data","level":2,"score":0.4215134382247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.41764187812805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33505356311798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.2485942244529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176851","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:33018724","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964019392","https://openalex.org/W1994855515","https://openalex.org/W1998344981","https://openalex.org/W2009679409","https://openalex.org/W2024846186","https://openalex.org/W2025341678","https://openalex.org/W2041998778","https://openalex.org/W2048952602","https://openalex.org/W2052894394","https://openalex.org/W2098725211","https://openalex.org/W2132876794","https://openalex.org/W2150825261","https://openalex.org/W2553904372","https://openalex.org/W2605492512","https://openalex.org/W2792687613","https://openalex.org/W2806126245","https://openalex.org/W2991183506","https://openalex.org/W2996605177","https://openalex.org/W3010506751","https://openalex.org/W4249992252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3202969339","https://openalex.org/W4237513258","https://openalex.org/W1994410349","https://openalex.org/W4252230435","https://openalex.org/W3177028067","https://openalex.org/W1913385466","https://openalex.org/W2121429698","https://openalex.org/W2182042810","https://openalex.org/W2889342546","https://openalex.org/W2904049950"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Steady-State":[0],"Visual":[1],"Evoked":[2],"Potentials":[3],"(SSVEPs)":[4],"have":[5],"become":[6],"one":[7],"of":[8,31,49,101,173],"the":[9,29,47,53,61,66,87,96,153,171],"most":[10],"used":[11,93],"neural":[12],"signals":[13],"for":[14,159],"brain-":[15],"computer":[16],"interfaces":[17],"(BCIs)":[18],"due":[19],"to":[20,45,68,81,94,121,169],"their":[21],"stability":[22],"and":[23,60,98,110,118],"high":[24],"signal-":[25],"to-noise":[26],"rate.":[27],"However,":[28],"performance":[30,172],"SSVEP-based":[32],"BCIs":[33],"would":[34],"degrade":[35],"with":[36,115],"a":[37,130,134],"few":[38],"training":[39,58,148],"samples.":[40],"This":[41],"study":[42,164],"was":[43,79,127,155],"proposed":[44,80,125],"enhance":[46],"detection":[48],"SSVEP":[50],"by":[51,157],"combining":[52],"supervised":[54],"learning":[55,63],"information":[56,64],"from":[57,65,86],"samples":[59,85,149],"unsupervised":[62],"trial":[67],"be":[69],"tested.":[70],"A":[71],"new":[72,83],"method,":[73],"i.e.":[74],"cyclic":[75],"shift":[76],"trials":[77],"(CST),":[78],"generate":[82],"calibration":[84],"test":[88],"data,":[89],"which":[90],"were":[91,113,150],"furtherly":[92],"create":[95],"templates":[97,109,117],"spatial":[99,111,119],"filters":[100,112,120],"task-":[102],"related":[103],"component":[104],"analysis":[105],"(TRCA).":[106],"The":[107,124],"test-trial":[108],"combined":[114],"training-sample":[116],"recognize":[122],"SSVEP.":[123],"algorithm":[126],"tested":[128],"on":[129],"benchmark":[131],"dataset.":[132],"As":[133],"result,":[135],"it":[136],"reached":[137],"significantly":[138],"higher":[139],"classification":[140],"accuracy":[141,154],"than":[142],"traditional":[143],"TRCA":[144],"when":[145],"only":[146],"two":[147],"used.":[151],"Speciflcally,":[152],"improved":[156],"9.5%":[158],"0.7s":[160],"data.":[161],"Therefore,":[162],"this":[163],"demonstrates":[165],"CST":[166],"is":[167],"effective":[168],"improve":[170],"SSVEP-BCI.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2020-09-08T00:00:00"}
