{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082691781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176629","title":"Automated Assessment of Neonatal Endotracheal Intubation Measured by a Virtual Reality Simulation System","display_name":"Automated Assessment of Neonatal Endotracheal Intubation Measured by a Virtual Reality Simulation System","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082691781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176629","mag":"3082691781","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018497"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176629","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7538655","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100451737","display_name":"Xiao Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0682-9509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061562276","display_name":"Shang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1638-1533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100653626","display_name":"Xiaoke Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7272-1523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoke Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000518845","display_name":"Lamia Soghier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0597-1397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336742384","display_name":"Children's National","ror":"https://ror.org/03wa2q724","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336742384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lamia Soghier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neonatology, Children\u2019s National Health Systems, Washington, DC, USA","Department of Neonatology, Children's National Health Systems, Washington, DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neonatology, Children\u2019s National Health Systems, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336742384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neonatology, Children's National Health Systems, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336742384"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009074303","display_name":"James K. Hahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6535-8175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Hahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100451737"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9974,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76554336,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"2429","last_page":"2433"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10830","display_name":"Airway Management and Intubation Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10830","display_name":"Airway Management and Intubation Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11238","display_name":"Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":0.9375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.7397741079330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7009227871894836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endotracheal-intubation","display_name":"Endotracheal intubation","score":0.6676220893859863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6607921123504639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5587478876113892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intubation","display_name":"Intubation","score":0.37839987874031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35552817583084106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3517584800720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3291366696357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.09272393584251404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.7397741079330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7009227871894836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991710064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750195","display_name":"Endotracheal intubation","level":3,"score":0.6676220893859863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6607921123504639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5587478876113892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778716859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939018","display_name":"Intubation","level":2,"score":0.37839987874031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35552817583084106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3517584800720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3291366696357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09272393584251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000076142","descriptor_name":"Virtual Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076142","descriptor_name":"Virtual Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076142","descriptor_name":"Virtual Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076142","descriptor_name":"Virtual Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007442","descriptor_name":"Intubation, Intratracheal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007442","descriptor_name":"Intubation, Intratracheal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007442","descriptor_name":"Intubation, Intratracheal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007442","descriptor_name":"Intubation, Intratracheal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020704","descriptor_name":"Laryngoscopes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020704","descriptor_name":"Laryngoscopes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020704","descriptor_name":"Laryngoscopes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020704","descriptor_name":"Laryngoscopes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176629","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:33018497","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7538655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7538655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7538655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7538655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W206706296","https://openalex.org/W1542640549","https://openalex.org/W1930404901","https://openalex.org/W1988874269","https://openalex.org/W2007950484","https://openalex.org/W2023738889","https://openalex.org/W2028490026","https://openalex.org/W2052974596","https://openalex.org/W2132836675","https://openalex.org/W2136380090","https://openalex.org/W2222269984","https://openalex.org/W2318917964","https://openalex.org/W2322987472","https://openalex.org/W2323156696","https://openalex.org/W2328736273","https://openalex.org/W2330246771","https://openalex.org/W2337774722","https://openalex.org/W2394492085","https://openalex.org/W2405984246","https://openalex.org/W2507183669","https://openalex.org/W2732917117","https://openalex.org/W2795999530","https://openalex.org/W2805586107","https://openalex.org/W2807902000","https://openalex.org/W2895453100","https://openalex.org/W2945292029","https://openalex.org/W2963139324","https://openalex.org/W2964446959","https://openalex.org/W2968042376","https://openalex.org/W3021665947","https://openalex.org/W3024353255","https://openalex.org/W3024952866","https://openalex.org/W3082342438","https://openalex.org/W3099358007","https://openalex.org/W3103878770","https://openalex.org/W4255947877","https://openalex.org/W4300807552","https://openalex.org/W6711495990","https://openalex.org/W6752034439","https://openalex.org/W6764074245","https://openalex.org/W6776880605","https://openalex.org/W6776896216"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068608913","https://openalex.org/W3124914020","https://openalex.org/W2141033859","https://openalex.org/W2077542787","https://openalex.org/W2156434174","https://openalex.org/W2071701083","https://openalex.org/W2383687187","https://openalex.org/W3129615087","https://openalex.org/W2605766317","https://openalex.org/W2071060016"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Manual":[0],"assessment":[1,22,166,182],"from":[2,49,145],"experts":[3],"in":[4,36,96],"neonatal":[5],"endotracheal":[6,93],"intubation":[7],"(ETI)":[8],"training":[9,39,139],"is":[10,168],"a":[11,33,75,109,178],"time-consuming":[12],"and":[13,20,91,148,180],"tedious":[14],"process.":[15],"Such":[16],"subjective,":[17],"highly":[18],"variable,":[19],"resource-intensive":[21],"method":[23],"may":[24],"not":[25],"only":[26],"introduce":[27],"inter-rater/intra-rater":[28],"variability,":[29],"but":[30],"also":[31],"represent":[32],"serious":[34],"limitation":[35],"many":[37],"large-scale":[38],"programs.":[40],"Moreover,":[41],"poor":[42],"visualization":[43,111],"during":[44],"the":[45,51,55,58,68,85,89,92,99,103,113,135,141,146,149,158,164],"procedure":[46],"prevents":[47],"instructors":[48,116],"observing":[50],"events":[52],"occurring":[53],"within":[54],"manikin":[56],"or":[57],"patient,":[59],"which":[60,170],"introduces":[61],"an":[62,125],"additional":[63],"source":[64],"of":[65,88,102,112,163],"error":[66],"into":[67],"assessment.":[69,122],"In":[70],"this":[71],"paper,":[72],"we":[73],"propose":[74],"physics-based":[76],"virtual":[77,104],"reality":[78],"(VR)":[79],"ETI":[80,136,184],"simulation":[81],"system":[82,107,174],"that":[83,157,172],"captures":[84],"entire":[86],"motions":[87,147],"laryngoscope":[90],"tube":[94],"(ETT)":[95],"relation":[97],"to":[98,132],"internal":[100],"anatomy":[101],"patient.":[105],"Our":[106,154],"provides":[108],"complete":[110],"procedure,":[114],"offering":[115],"with":[117],"comprehensive":[118],"information":[119],"for":[120,183],"accurate":[121],"More":[123],"importantly,":[124],"interpretable":[126],"machine":[127],"learning":[128],"algorithm":[129,167],"was":[130],"developed":[131],"automatically":[133],"assess":[134],"performance":[137,142],"by":[138,152],"on":[140],"parameters":[143],"extracted":[144],"scores":[150],"rated":[151],"experts.":[153],"results":[155],"show":[156],"leave-one-out-cross-validation":[159],"(LOOCV)":[160],"classification":[161],"accuracy":[162],"automated":[165],"80%,":[169],"indicates":[171],"our":[173],"can":[175],"reliably":[176],"conduct":[177],"consistent":[179],"standardized":[181],"training.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}