{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082941579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176542","title":"Assisting the Non-invasive Diagnosis of Liver Fibrosis Stages using Machine Learning Methods","display_name":"Assisting the Non-invasive Diagnosis of Liver Fibrosis Stages using Machine Learning Methods","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082941579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176542","mag":"3082941579","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33019198"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176542","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040609918","display_name":"Mahzabeen Emu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0433-1873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahzabeen Emu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048987521","display_name":"Farjana Bintay Kamal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farjana Bintay Kamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032858073","display_name":"Salimur Choudhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3187-112X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salimur Choudhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004099977","display_name":"Thiago Eustaquio Alves de Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7164-9064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thiago E. Alves de Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"5382","last_page":"5387"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13693","display_name":"Smart Systems and Machine Learning","score":0.9478999972343445,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.7558428049087524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.675957202911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.638141393661499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","score":0.6277499794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-fibrosis","display_name":"Liver fibrosis","score":0.5931819677352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.560462474822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibrosis","display_name":"Fibrosis","score":0.5530989170074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression","display_name":"Logistic regression","score":0.5520973205566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5202249884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.46063315868377686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4591047763824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4048768877983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.2530823349952698}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.7558428049087524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.675957202911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.638141393661499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179717631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991667","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","level":3,"score":0.6277499794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994217296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147778","display_name":"Liver fibrosis","level":3,"score":0.5931819677352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.560462474822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780559512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605709","display_name":"Fibrosis","level":2,"score":0.5530989170074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5520973205566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5202249884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.46063315868377686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4591047763824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4048768877983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2530823349952698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008103","descriptor_name":"Liver Cirrhosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008103","descriptor_name":"Liver Cirrhosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008103","descriptor_name":"Liver Cirrhosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016174","descriptor_name":"Hepacivirus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016174","descriptor_name":"Hepacivirus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016174","descriptor_name":"Hepacivirus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176542","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:33019198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33019198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107155214","https://openalex.org/W1554944419","https://openalex.org/W1977177161","https://openalex.org/W1980119881","https://openalex.org/W1990632611","https://openalex.org/W2007987493","https://openalex.org/W2011733419","https://openalex.org/W2049483126","https://openalex.org/W2054649919","https://openalex.org/W2061279748","https://openalex.org/W2095485508","https://openalex.org/W2155632266","https://openalex.org/W2171033594","https://openalex.org/W2186365449","https://openalex.org/W2604512916","https://openalex.org/W2786713128","https://openalex.org/W2888028761","https://openalex.org/W4248718072","https://openalex.org/W6604363719","https://openalex.org/W6748226486"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3193043704","https://openalex.org/W4366990902","https://openalex.org/W4317732970","https://openalex.org/W4388550696","https://openalex.org/W4321636153","https://openalex.org/W4313289487","https://openalex.org/W2994772185","https://openalex.org/W1528227026","https://openalex.org/W4386970085","https://openalex.org/W4214940564"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fibrosis":[0],"is":[1,16],"a":[2,18,22,81,145],"significant":[3],"indication":[4],"of":[5,24,31,45,61,64,77,88,135,141,152,155],"chronic":[6],"liver":[7,46,65,153],"diseases":[8],"often":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,51,58,68,71],"hepatitis":[12],"C":[13],"Virus.":[14],"It":[15],"becoming":[17],"global":[19],"concern":[20],"as":[21,80],"result":[23],"the":[25,29,35,42,53,59,62,75,78,86,104,128,149,159,165],"rapid":[26],"increase":[27],"in":[28,115],"number":[30],"HCV":[32],"infected":[33],"patients,":[34],"high":[36],"cost":[37],"and":[38,67,95,101,106],"flaws":[39],"associated":[40],"with":[41,117,131],"assessment":[43],"process":[44],"fibrosis.":[47],"This":[48],"study":[49,143],"aims":[50],"determine":[52],"features":[54],"that":[55],"significantly":[56],"contribute":[57],"identification":[60],"stages":[63],"fibrosis":[66,154],"generate":[69],"rules":[70,114,123,140],"assist":[72],"physicians":[73],"during":[74],"treatment":[76],"patients":[79],"clinically":[82],"non-invasive":[83],"approach.":[84],"Also,":[85],"performance":[87],"different":[89],"Multi-layered":[90],"Perceptron":[91],"(MLP),":[92],"Random":[93],"Forest,":[94],"Logistic":[96],"Regression":[97],"classifiers":[98],"are":[99],"estimated":[100],"compared":[102],"for":[103,148],"full":[105],"reduced":[107],"feature":[108],"sets.":[109],"Decision":[110],"Tree":[111],"produced":[112],"28":[113],"contrast":[116],"previous":[118],"research":[119],"work":[120],"where":[121],"98002":[122],"had":[124],"been":[125],"generated":[126],"from":[127],"same":[129],"dataset":[130],"an":[132],"accuracy":[133,147,167],"rate":[134],"approximately":[136],"99.97%.":[137],"The":[138],"resulting":[139],"this":[142],"achieved":[144,164],"prediction":[146],"histological":[150],"staging":[151],"97.45%.":[156],"Among":[157],"all":[158],"machine":[160],"learning":[161],"methods,":[162],"MLP":[163],"highest":[166],"rate.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
