{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3021824625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176334","title":"Y-Net for Chest X-Ray Preprocessing: Simultaneous Classification of Geometry and Segmentation of Annotations","display_name":"Y-Net for Chest X-Ray Preprocessing: Simultaneous Classification of Geometry and Segmentation of Annotations","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3021824625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176334","mag":"3021824625","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018218"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176334","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176334","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.03824","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056434537","display_name":"John E. McManigle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7283-7120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John E. McManigle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, DUMC 3094, Durham, NC, USA","Duke University, DUMC 3094,Department of Anesthesiology,Durham,NC,USA,27710"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, DUMC 3094, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, DUMC 3094,Department of Anesthesiology,Durham,NC,USA,27710","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046103505","display_name":"Raquel R. Bartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2861-3509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raquel R. Bartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, DUMC 3094, Durham, NC, USA","Duke University, DUMC 3094,Department of Anesthesiology,Durham,NC,USA,27710"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, DUMC 3094, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, DUMC 3094,Department of Anesthesiology,Durham,NC,USA,27710","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016448581","display_name":"Lawrence Carin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6277-7948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence Carin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","Duke University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Durham,NC,USA,27710"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Durham,NC,USA,27710","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056434537"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1113,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48182717,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":null,"first_page":"1266","last_page":"1269"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7145130634307861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6840876340866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6589901447296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6242051720619202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.6098048686981201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5596139430999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiography","display_name":"Radiography","score":0.5397412180900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.5081884860992432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5051324963569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.47703880071640015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.43830007314682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.42711177468299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.41961824893951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4136432409286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.21850517392158508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.19221144914627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.19001242518424988}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7145130634307861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6840876340866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6589901447296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6242051720619202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.6098048686981201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5596139430999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.5397412180900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.5081884860992432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5051324963569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.47703880071640015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.43830007314682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.42711177468299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.41961824893951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4136432409286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.21850517392158508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.19221144914627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.19001242518424988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014965","descriptor_name":"X-Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014965","descriptor_name":"X-Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014965","descriptor_name":"X-Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176334","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176334","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:33018218","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2005.03824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.03824","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.03824","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3021824625","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/2005.03824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2005.03824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2005.03824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2005.03824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.03824","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.03824","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3021824625.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3021824625.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573503290","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1995341919","https://openalex.org/W2150355110","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2594652617","https://openalex.org/W2611650229","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2806021783","https://openalex.org/W2806747506","https://openalex.org/W2809598685","https://openalex.org/W2811374795","https://openalex.org/W2913279579","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963466845","https://openalex.org/W2963689346","https://openalex.org/W2964150021","https://openalex.org/W2966829264","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W3101156210","https://openalex.org/W6634288218","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6734614811","https://openalex.org/W6735463952","https://openalex.org/W6752049347","https://openalex.org/W6752536501","https://openalex.org/W6758679787","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6767253633"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2901159198","https://openalex.org/W2784093943","https://openalex.org/W2296547466","https://openalex.org/W3193974575","https://openalex.org/W2077428056","https://openalex.org/W2076404921","https://openalex.org/W2060583490","https://openalex.org/W140576156","https://openalex.org/W2006466718","https://openalex.org/W2104732402","https://openalex.org/W3213954287","https://openalex.org/W2401571932","https://openalex.org/W3193645519","https://openalex.org/W3086452371","https://openalex.org/W1976395673","https://openalex.org/W2955698523","https://openalex.org/W2947941786","https://openalex.org/W1993417772","https://openalex.org/W2012996127","https://openalex.org/W2104701170"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,11,31,92,106],"last":[2],"decade,":[3],"convolutional":[4],"neural":[5],"networks":[6],"(CNNs)":[7],"have":[8,26],"emerged":[9],"as":[10],"leading":[12],"algorithms":[13],"in":[14,30,49,140,145,156,171],"image":[15],"classification":[16,39,60],"and":[17,108,142,153,189],"segmentation.":[18],"Recent":[19],"publication":[20],"of":[21,105,110],"large":[22],"medical":[23,45],"imaging":[24],"databases":[25],"accelerated":[27],"their":[28],"use":[29,195],"biomedical":[32],"arena.":[33],"While":[34],"training":[35],"data":[36],"for":[37,78,182,194],"photograph":[38],"benefits":[40],"from":[41,117],"aggressive":[42],"geometric":[43,100],"augmentation,":[44],"diagnosis":[46],"-":[47,52,185,193],"especially":[48],"chest":[50,79,107,183],"radiographs":[51,184],"depends":[53],"more":[54],"strongly":[55],"on":[56,68,91],"feature":[57],"location.":[58],"Diagnosis":[59],"results":[61],"may":[62],"be":[63],"artificially":[64],"enhanced":[65],"by":[66,134],"reliance":[67],"radiographic":[69,111,191],"annotations.":[70,112],"This":[71],"work":[72,176],"introduces":[73],"a":[74,178],"general":[75],"pre-processing":[76,166,180],"step":[77,167,181],"x-ray":[80],"input":[81],"into":[82],"machine":[83],"learning":[84],"algorithms.":[85],"A":[86],"modified":[87],"Y-Net":[88],"architecture":[89],"based":[90],"VGG11":[93],"encoder":[94],"is":[95],"used":[96],"to":[97,151,197],"simultaneously":[98],"learn":[99],"orientation":[101],"(similarity":[102],"transform":[103],"parameters)":[104],"segmentation":[109],"Chest":[113],"x-rays":[114],"were":[115,132],"obtained":[116],"published":[118],"databases.":[119],"The":[120],"algorithm":[121],"was":[122],"trained":[123],"with":[124,129,137],"1000":[125],"manually":[126],"labeled":[127],"images":[128,158],"augmentation.":[130],"Results":[131],"evaluated":[133],"expert":[135],"clinicians,":[136],"acceptable":[138],"geometry":[139,188],"95.8%":[141],"annotation":[143],"mask":[144],"96.2%":[146],"(n":[147,159],"=":[148,160],"500),":[149],"compared":[150],"27.0%":[152],"34.9%":[154],"respectively":[155],"control":[157],"241).":[161],"We":[162],"hypothesize":[163],"that":[164],"this":[165],"will":[168],"improve":[169],"robustness":[170],"future":[172],"diagnostic":[173],"algorithms.Clinical":[174],"relevance-This":[175],"demonstrates":[177],"universal":[179],"both":[186],"normalizing":[187],"masking":[190],"annotations":[192],"prior":[196],"further":[198],"analysis.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}