{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082570915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176333","title":"Prediction of Patient Demographics using 3D Craniofacial Scans and Multi-view CNNs","display_name":"Prediction of Patient Demographics using 3D Craniofacial Scans and Multi-view CNNs","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082570915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176333","mag":"3082570915","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018384"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176333","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001084715","display_name":"Umaer Hanif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8288-5532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Umaer Hanif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036047595","display_name":"Rasmus R. Paulsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0647-3215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasmus R. Paulsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073097180","display_name":"Eileen Leary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7389-6384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eileen B. Leary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107994045","display_name":"Emmanuel Mignot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4894-898X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Mignot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049561335","display_name":"Poul Jennum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6986-5254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802086085","display_name":"Glostrup Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1frt18","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802086085","https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I2802709434","https://openalex.org/I4210145385"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Poul Jennum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Danish Center for Sleep Medicine, Glostrup"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Danish Center for Sleep Medicine, Glostrup","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802086085"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057912258","display_name":"Helge B. D. S\u00f8rensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5716-7600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helge B. D. Sorensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001084715"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0981,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40460914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":null,"first_page":"1950","last_page":"1953"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.678249716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6725062727928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6129999160766602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5845905542373657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographics","display_name":"Demographics","score":0.5212215185165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4649222195148468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.46452462673187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4581332504749298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4542839527130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.42699605226516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4263729155063629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27795371413230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.16617253422737122}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.678249716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6725062727928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6129999160766602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5845905542373657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780084366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demographics","level":2,"score":0.5212215185165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4649222195148468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.46452462673187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4581332504749298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4542839527130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.42699605226516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4263729155063629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27795371413230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.16617253422737122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003710","descriptor_name":"Demography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003710","descriptor_name":"Demography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003710","descriptor_name":"Demography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006257","descriptor_name":"Head","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006257","descriptor_name":"Head","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006257","descriptor_name":"Head","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176333","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:33018384","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018384","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/65a6a5eb-dcab-4122-b5a0-7f55acf63610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchprofiles.ku.dk/da/publications/65a6a5eb-dcab-4122-b5a0-7f55acf63610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401983","display_name":"Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","host_organization_name":"University of Copenhagen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hanif , U , Paulsen , R R , Leary , E B , Mignot , E , Jennum , P & Sorensen , H B D 2020 , Prediction of Patient Demographics using 3D Craniofacial Scans and Multi-view CNNs . in 42nd Annual International Conferences of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society : Enabling Innovative Technologies for Global Healthcare, EMBC 2020 . , 9176333 , IEEE , Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS , pp. 1950-1953 , 42nd Annual International Conferences of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2020 , Montreal , Canada , 20/07/2020 . https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC44109.2020.9176333","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/b8c90199-bb6a-493a-b0ad-893c3c714ede","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/b8c90199-bb6a-493a-b0ad-893c3c714ede","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400705","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hanif , U R , Paulsen , R R , Leary , E B , Mignot , E , Jennum , P &amp; S\u00f8rensen , H B D 2020 , Prediction of Patient Demographics using 3D Craniofacial Scans and Multi-view CNNs . in Proceedings of the 42 nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society . IEEE , pp. 1950-1953 , 42 nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society , Montreal , Quebec , Canada , 20/07/2020 . https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC44109.2020.9176333","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W621251951","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1798731418","https://openalex.org/W1920022804","https://openalex.org/W2000647275","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2553307952","https://openalex.org/W2558748708","https://openalex.org/W2586340463","https://openalex.org/W2807323414","https://openalex.org/W2921811193","https://openalex.org/W2947691677","https://openalex.org/W2963281471","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W3100719228","https://openalex.org/W4289709210","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6640300118","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6760742710"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3121380072","https://openalex.org/W2058403539","https://openalex.org/W2333615638","https://openalex.org/W2602311653","https://openalex.org/W2964230772","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3185156046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"3D":[0,16,26,88,108,229],"data":[1,17,129],"is":[2,18,130],"becoming":[3],"increasingly":[4],"popular":[5,13],"and":[6,29,78,93,105,123,158,165,170,183,197],"accessible":[7],"for":[8,15,59,220],"computer":[9],"vision":[10],"tasks.":[11],"A":[12],"format":[14],"the":[19,35,75,107,115,118,127,148,187],"mesh":[20,54,234],"format,":[21],"which":[22,73,103],"can":[23,46],"depict":[24],"a":[25,83,87,140,145,176,216],"surface":[27],"accurately":[28],"cost-effectively":[30],"by":[31],"connecting":[32],"points":[33],"in":[34,117,233],"(x,":[36],"y,":[37],"z)":[38],"plane,":[39],"known":[40],"as":[41,215],"vertices,":[42],"into":[43],"triangles":[44],"that":[45],"be":[47],"combined":[48],"to":[49,65,132,143],"approximate":[50],"geometrical":[51],"surfaces.":[52],"However,":[53],"objects":[55],"are":[56],"not":[57],"suitable":[58],"standard":[60],"deep":[61],"learning":[62],"techniques":[63],"due":[64],"their":[66,91,166],"non-euclidean":[67],"structure.":[68],"We":[69],"present":[70],"an":[71,99,207],"algorithm":[72,96],"predicts":[74],"sex,":[76],"age,":[77],"body":[79,171],"mass":[80,172],"index":[81],"of":[82,90,120,150,180,195,204,209,218,222],"subject":[84,154],"based":[85,227],"on":[86,98,186,228],"scan":[89,109],"face":[92],"neck.":[94],"This":[95],"relies":[97],"automatic":[100],"pre-processing":[101],"technique,":[102],"renders":[104],"captures":[106],"from":[110,162],"eight":[111,159],"different":[112,163],"angles":[113],"around":[114],"x-axis":[116],"form":[119],"2D":[121,156],"images":[122,152,157],"depth":[124,160],"maps.":[125],"Subsequently,":[126],"generated":[128],"used":[131],"train":[133],"three":[134],"convolutional":[135],"neural":[136],"networks,":[137],"each":[138],"with":[139],"ResNet18":[141],"architecture,":[142],"learn":[144],"mapping":[146],"between":[147],"set":[149],"16":[151],"per":[153],"(eight":[155],"maps":[161],"angles)":[164],"demographics.":[167],"For":[168],"age":[169],"index,":[173],"we":[174],"achieved":[175],"mean":[177],"absolute":[178],"error":[179],"7.77":[181],"years":[182],"4.04":[184],"kg/m<sup>2</sup>":[185],"respective":[188],"test":[189],"sets,":[190],"while":[191],"Pearson":[192],"correlation":[193],"coefficients":[194],"0.76":[196],"0.80":[198],"were":[199],"obtained,":[200],"respectively.":[201],"The":[202,211],"prediction":[203,221],"sex":[205],"yielded":[206],"accuracy":[208],"93%.":[210],"developed":[212],"framework":[213],"serves":[214],"proof":[217],"concept":[219],"more":[223],"clinically":[224],"relevant":[225],"variables":[226],"craniofacial":[230],"scans":[231],"stored":[232],"objects.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}