{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3081822784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176210","title":"Effects of Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation on Upper Extremity Proprioceptive Function","display_name":"Effects of Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation on Upper Extremity Proprioceptive Function","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3081822784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176210","mag":"3081822784","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018776"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176210","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9167168/9175149/09176210.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9167168/9175149/09176210.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042898784","display_name":"Andrew Levitsky","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Levitsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University,Tempe,AZ,USA,85287","Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University,Tempe,AZ,USA,85287","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037858579","display_name":"Joshua Klein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Klein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University,School of Life Sciences,Tempe,AZ,USA,85287","School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University,School of Life Sciences,Tempe,AZ,USA,85287","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001117964","display_name":"Panagiotis Artemiadis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9512-0803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis K. Artemiadis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Delaware,Newark,DE,USA,19716","University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delaware,Newark,DE,USA,19716","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113659373","display_name":"Christopher A. Buneo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8430-7178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher A. Buneo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University,School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering,Tempe,AZ,USA,85287","School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University,School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering,Tempe,AZ,USA,85287","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08914771,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"3577","last_page":"3580"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11840","display_name":"Pain Management and Treatment","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proprioception","display_name":"Proprioception","score":0.6895977854728699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.5983298420906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.516941487789154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-stimulation","display_name":"Electric stimulation","score":0.5078142285346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4503173828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3964797556400299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.36866068840026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.3215188980102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1983351707458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.10188037157058716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171790689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129066","display_name":"Proprioception","level":2,"score":0.6895977854728699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.5983298420906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.516941487789154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020056645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327643","display_name":"Electric stimulation","level":3,"score":0.5078142285346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4503173828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3964797556400299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.36866068840026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3215188980102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1983351707458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10188037157058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000071939","descriptor_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071939","descriptor_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071939","descriptor_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001132","descriptor_name":"Arm","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001132","descriptor_name":"Arm","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001132","descriptor_name":"Arm","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004561","descriptor_name":"Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004561","descriptor_name":"Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004561","descriptor_name":"Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176210","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9167168/9175149/09176210.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:33018776","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176210","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9167168/9175149/09176210.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1666355181","https://openalex.org/W2015295577","https://openalex.org/W2015426483","https://openalex.org/W2035543343","https://openalex.org/W2047527229","https://openalex.org/W2068748307","https://openalex.org/W2103399930","https://openalex.org/W2126282700","https://openalex.org/W2137620073","https://openalex.org/W2160209381","https://openalex.org/W2762084351","https://openalex.org/W2782013251","https://openalex.org/W2790730169","https://openalex.org/W2888765748","https://openalex.org/W2912356349","https://openalex.org/W2976487463","https://openalex.org/W4239826948","https://openalex.org/W6759194267"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055931545","https://openalex.org/W2061593839","https://openalex.org/W2982344907","https://openalex.org/W2179896740","https://openalex.org/W2023759725","https://openalex.org/W2140354388","https://openalex.org/W2047527229","https://openalex.org/W2997021468","https://openalex.org/W4399426659","https://openalex.org/W2531162491"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electrical":[0],"stimulation":[1,44,128,166,176,195,211],"of":[2,29,42,45,121,136,177,212,219],"the":[3,27,40,94,98,101,130,207],"vagus":[4],"nerve":[5,127],"has":[6],"been":[7],"shown":[8],"to":[9,55,82,113,129,149,216],"enhance":[10,182,217],"cortical":[11],"plasticity":[12],"and":[13,117,168,197,223],"may":[14,181],"benefit":[15],"upper":[16],"extremity":[17],"rehabilitation":[18],"following":[19,221],"stroke.":[20],"As":[21],"an":[22],"initial":[23],"step":[24],"towards":[25],"assessing":[26],"potential":[28,208],"other":[30,224],"craniocervical":[31],"nerves":[32],"as":[33,100,156],"neuromodulation":[34],"targets":[35],"during":[36],"rehabilitation,":[37],"we":[38],"explored":[39],"ability":[41],"non-invasive":[43,210],"cervical":[46,132,178,213],"spine":[47,133,179,214],"afferents,":[48],"paired":[49],"with":[50],"a":[51,72,75,79,83,157,161],"proprioceptive":[52,115,172,184],"discrimination":[53,198],"task,":[54],"improve":[56],"sensory":[57],"function":[58,220],"in":[59,187],"neurologically":[60],"intact":[61],"human":[62],"subjects.":[63],"On":[64],"each":[65],"trial,":[66],"subjects'":[67],"arms":[68],"were":[69,111],"moved":[70],"by":[71],"robot":[73],"from":[74],"test":[76,102],"position,":[77],"along":[78],"random":[80],"path,":[81],"judgment":[84,95],"position":[85,96],"located":[86],"1-4":[87],"cm":[88],"away.":[89],"Subjects":[90],"responded":[91],"'same'":[92],"if":[93,105],"was":[97,107],"same":[99],"or":[103],"'different'":[104],"it":[106],"not.":[108],"These":[109],"responses":[110],"used":[112],"compute":[114],"sensitivity":[116],"bias.":[118],"Three":[119],"groups":[120],"20":[122],"subjects":[123,189],"received":[124],"transcutaneous":[125],"electric":[126],"C3/C4":[131],"at":[134],"one":[135],"three":[137],"frequencies":[138],"(30":[139],"Hz,":[140,142],"300":[141],"3":[143],"kHz)":[144],"for":[145,209],"10":[146],"minutes":[147],"prior":[148],"task":[150],"performance.":[151],"A":[152],"fourth":[153],"group":[154],"served":[155],"sham.":[158],"We":[159],"found":[160],"statistically":[162],"significant":[163],"interaction":[164],"between":[165],"frequency":[167,196],"displacement":[169],"distance":[170],"on":[171,193,206],"sensitivity.":[173],"In":[174],"summary,":[175],"afferents":[180,215],"arm":[183],"function,":[185],"though":[186],"unimpaired":[188],"these":[190],"gains":[191],"depend":[192],"both":[194],"distance.Clinical":[199],"Relevance-":[200],"This":[201],"study":[202],"provides":[203],"preliminary":[204],"data":[205],"recovery":[218],"stroke":[222],"neurological":[225],"disorders.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
