{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082471124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176107","title":"ECG-based Identity Validation during Bathing in Different Water Temperature","display_name":"ECG-based Identity Validation during Bathing in Different Water Temperature","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082471124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176107","mag":"3082471124","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33019174"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176107","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103247986","display_name":"Jianbo Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3533-2796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianbo Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Information Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu,Aizu-Wakamatsu,Japan,965-8580"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Information Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu,Aizu-Wakamatsu,Japan,965-8580","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009228005","display_name":"Peng Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2957-8511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Information Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu,Aizu-Wakamatsu,Japan,965-8580"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Information Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu,Aizu-Wakamatsu,Japan,965-8580","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090739497","display_name":"Wenxi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7938-9033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Information Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu,Aizu-Wakamatsu,Japan,965-8580"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Information Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu,Aizu-Wakamatsu,Japan,965-8580","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"5276","last_page":"5279"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.923799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9075000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bathtub","display_name":"Bathtub","score":0.901165783405304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.5759432315826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.538128137588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4995269775390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44405123591423035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battlefield","display_name":"Battlefield","score":0.4392826557159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.42080971598625183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4200783967971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3622143268585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17703941464424133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.1645711064338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.15082910656929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.14249539375305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.13958778977394104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777728836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152095","display_name":"Bathtub","level":2,"score":0.901165783405304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.5759432315826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.538128137588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4995269775390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44405123591423035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779669469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895508","display_name":"Battlefield","level":2,"score":0.4392826557159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.42080971598625183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4200783967971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3622143268585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17703941464424133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.1645711064338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.15082910656929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.14249539375305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.13958778977394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001494","descriptor_name":"Baths","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001494","descriptor_name":"Baths","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001494","descriptor_name":"Baths","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006794","descriptor_name":"Household Articles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006794","descriptor_name":"Household Articles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006794","descriptor_name":"Household Articles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013696","descriptor_name":"Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013696","descriptor_name":"Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013696","descriptor_name":"Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176107","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:33019174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33019174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540631612","https://openalex.org/W2047952831","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2124969743","https://openalex.org/W2149602196","https://openalex.org/W2170941890","https://openalex.org/W2401736397","https://openalex.org/W2411771346","https://openalex.org/W2467830611","https://openalex.org/W2783323081","https://openalex.org/W2901950837","https://openalex.org/W2965099813","https://openalex.org/W2982016319","https://openalex.org/W2992196184","https://openalex.org/W3003718173","https://openalex.org/W6719824946"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544196607","https://openalex.org/W1993576193","https://openalex.org/W1999793848","https://openalex.org/W4250907983","https://openalex.org/W2382676733","https://openalex.org/W2028878530","https://openalex.org/W4239369839","https://openalex.org/W2738335292","https://openalex.org/W4366967201","https://openalex.org/W4362564284"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3],"novel":[4],"identity":[5,114,156,165,194],"validation":[6,115,142,166,195],"method":[7,138],"using":[8,116],"ECG":[9,49,62,70],"signal":[10,99],"measured":[11],"during":[12],"bathing":[13],"at":[14,51,167],"5":[15,39,42,123,184],"different":[16,130,146,168,185],"bathtub":[17,53,131,147,169,186],"water":[18,54,132,148,170,187],"temperature":[19,55,133,149,171,188],"ranges,":[20,172],"that":[21,145],"are":[22,64,126,197],"37":[23],"\u00b10.5":[24],"\u00b0C,":[25,27,29,34],"38\u00b10.5":[26],"39\u00b10.5":[28],"40\u00b10.5":[30],"\u00b0C":[31],"and":[32,41,104,135,162,192,199],"41\u00b10.5":[33],"respectively.":[35,201],"The":[36,190],"experiment":[37],"includes":[38],"male":[40],"female":[43],"subjects,":[44],"each":[45,52,67,69],"subject":[46],"collects":[47],"2":[48],"recordings":[50,63],"range,":[56],"one":[57,59],"day":[58],"recording,":[60],"10":[61],"collected":[65],"from":[66,183],"subject,":[68],"recording":[71],"is":[72,79,139,177],"18":[73],"minutes":[74],"long,":[75],"the":[76,83,109,136,155,173,181],"sampling":[77],"rate":[78],"200":[80],"Hz.":[81],"During":[82,108],"data":[84],"processing":[85],"stage,":[86,111],"we":[87,112],"perform":[88,113,164],"spectrum":[89],"analysis,":[90],"baseline":[91],"wandering":[92],"removal,":[93,98],"50":[94],"Hz":[95],"electromagnetic":[96],"interference":[97],"smoothing,":[100],"R":[101],"peaks":[102],"detection,":[103],"QRS":[105],"complex":[106],"segmentation.":[107],"classification":[110,121,124,175],"long":[117],"short-term":[118],"memory":[119],"(LSTM)":[120],"network.":[122],"models":[125],"trained":[127,178],"based":[128,179],"on":[129,154,180],"ranges":[134],"cross-validation":[137],"used.":[140],"Preliminary":[141],"results":[143],"show":[144],"has":[150],"an":[151],"important":[152],"impact":[153],"validation.":[157],"In":[158],"order":[159],"to":[160],"precisely":[161],"quickly":[163],"final":[174],"model":[176],"samples":[182],"ranges.":[189],"highest":[191],"average":[193],"accuracies":[196],"98.43%":[198],"97.68%,":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2020-09-08T00:00:00"}