{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3081867679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176078","title":"Stiffness Perception using Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation during Active and Passive Prosthetic Control","display_name":"Stiffness Perception using Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation during Active and Passive Prosthetic Control","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3081867679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176078","mag":"3081867679","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018855"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176078","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176078","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8058703","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069971156","display_name":"Luis Vargas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-5353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801313472","display_name":"North Central State College","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6b6f76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luis Vargas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and NC State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and NC State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036072216","display_name":"He Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5581-1423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801313472","display_name":"North Central State College","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6b6f76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and NC State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and NC State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002477721","display_name":"Yong Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3862-5757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801313472","display_name":"North Central State College","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6b6f76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, NC State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, NC State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050076687","display_name":"Xiaogang Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8565-5940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801313472","display_name":"North Central State College","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6b6f76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaogang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and NC State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and NC State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069971156"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801313472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.515,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61114087,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"3909","last_page":"3912"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.6039161086082458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stiffness","display_name":"Stiffness","score":0.506773054599762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.4683643579483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4504202902317047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-electrical-stimulation","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","score":0.44287413358688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.402205228805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.3565983176231384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.3498240113258362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.318988174200058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2516206204891205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.1892991065979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.15375590324401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13835453987121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.10821279883384705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.6039161086082458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.506773054599762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4683643579483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4504202902317047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327643","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","level":3,"score":0.44287413358688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.402205228805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3565983176231384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3498240113258362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.318988174200058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2516206204891205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.1892991065979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15375590324401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13835453987121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.10821279883384705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001132","descriptor_name":"Arm","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001132","descriptor_name":"Arm","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001132","descriptor_name":"Arm","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001186","descriptor_name":"Artificial Limbs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001186","descriptor_name":"Artificial Limbs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001186","descriptor_name":"Artificial Limbs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004561","descriptor_name":"Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004561","descriptor_name":"Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004561","descriptor_name":"Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176078","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176078","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:33018855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8058703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8058703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8058703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8058703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973768714","https://openalex.org/W2014207921","https://openalex.org/W2094721746","https://openalex.org/W2097700774","https://openalex.org/W2106836364","https://openalex.org/W2120066785","https://openalex.org/W2134500330","https://openalex.org/W2286606309","https://openalex.org/W2415521922","https://openalex.org/W2751515399","https://openalex.org/W2776739820","https://openalex.org/W2792190777","https://openalex.org/W2799988055","https://openalex.org/W2892583765","https://openalex.org/W2902148761","https://openalex.org/W2914011036","https://openalex.org/W2981110094","https://openalex.org/W2999529927"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098278563","https://openalex.org/W3097292012","https://openalex.org/W2970187567","https://openalex.org/W2166727663","https://openalex.org/W2936477999","https://openalex.org/W2105427525","https://openalex.org/W2035814782","https://openalex.org/W4250878764","https://openalex.org/W1568008416","https://openalex.org/W2036909246"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Haptic":[0],"feedback":[1],"allows":[2],"an":[3],"individual":[4],"to":[5,54,118],"identify":[6],"various":[7],"object":[8,140],"properties.":[9],"In":[10],"this":[11],"preliminary":[12],"study,":[13],"we":[14],"determined":[15],"the":[16,37,46,70,84,89,93,137,166],"performance":[17],"of":[18,86,88,97,100,139],"stiffness":[19,79,102,141],"recognition":[20,142],"using":[21,69],"transcutaneous":[22],"nerve":[23],"stimulation":[24,51,119],"when":[25],"a":[26,40,74,131],"prosthetic":[27,76],"hand":[28],"was":[29,33,52,67,80,108,143,155],"moved":[30],"passively":[31],"or":[32],"controlled":[34],"actively":[35],"by":[36],"subjects.":[38],"Using":[39],"2x8":[41],"electrode":[42],"grid":[43],"placed":[44],"along":[45,58],"subject's":[47],"upper":[48],"arm,":[49],"electrical":[50],"delivered":[53],"evoke":[55],"somatotopic":[56],"sensation":[57,65,91,107],"their":[59],"index":[60],"finger.":[61],"Stimulation":[62],"intensity,":[63],"i.e.":[64],"strength,":[66],"modulated":[68,109],"fingertip":[71],"forces":[72,115],"from":[73,130],"sensorized":[75],"hand.":[77],"Object":[78],"encoded":[81],"based":[82],"on":[83],"rate":[85],"change":[87],"evoked":[90],"as":[92,113],"prosthesis":[94],"grasped":[95],"one":[96,161],"three":[98],"objects":[99],"different":[101],"levels.":[103],"During":[104,121],"active":[105,147,158],"control,":[106,123],"in":[110,145,160],"real":[111],"time":[112],"recorded":[114],"were":[116,127],"converted":[117],"amplitudes.":[120],"passive":[122,149],"prerecorded":[124],"force":[125],"traces":[126],"randomly":[128],"selected":[129],"pool.":[132],"Our":[133],"results":[134],"showed":[135],"that":[136,165],"accuracy":[138,154],"similar":[144],"both":[146],"and":[148],"conditions.":[150],"A":[151],"slightly":[152],"lower":[153],"observed":[156],"during":[157],"control":[159],"subject,":[162],"which":[163],"indicated":[164],"sensorimotor":[167],"integration":[168],"processes":[169],"could":[170],"affect":[171],"haptic":[172],"perception":[173],"for":[174],"some":[175],"users.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
