{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3081852991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175894","title":"EEG Signal Classification Using Convolutional Neural Networks on Combined Spatial and Temporal Dimensions for BCI Systems","display_name":"EEG Signal Classification Using Convolutional Neural Networks on Combined Spatial and Temporal Dimensions for BCI Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3081852991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175894","mag":"3081852991","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018021"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175894","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077896434","display_name":"Ayman Anwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4139-8321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayman M. Anwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Biomedical Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Biomedical Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075057705","display_name":"Ayman El\u2010Baz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-1323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayman M. Eldeib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Biomedical Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Biomedical Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"434","last_page":"437"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.825650691986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7813798189163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7621783018112183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7301232218742371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6823755502700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6690801978111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5031179785728455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.4519016146659851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4331085681915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.41916215419769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.30546966195106506}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.825650691986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7813798189163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7621783018112183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7301232218742371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6823755502700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6690801978111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5031179785728455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.4519016146659851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4331085681915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.41916215419769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.30546966195106506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175894","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:33018021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482432820","https://openalex.org/W1549386224","https://openalex.org/W1969878365","https://openalex.org/W2033894697","https://openalex.org/W2103014813","https://openalex.org/W2114883735","https://openalex.org/W2121538726","https://openalex.org/W2133651939","https://openalex.org/W2181785117","https://openalex.org/W2187430756","https://openalex.org/W2295977970","https://openalex.org/W2557301950","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2891564944","https://openalex.org/W2903486342","https://openalex.org/W2964596665","https://openalex.org/W6677388398","https://openalex.org/W6686758047","https://openalex.org/W6697617694"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977940006","https://openalex.org/W2887556756","https://openalex.org/W2947925238","https://openalex.org/W195417223","https://openalex.org/W1984377984","https://openalex.org/W1961545574","https://openalex.org/W3045772920","https://openalex.org/W2510077457","https://openalex.org/W2047816336","https://openalex.org/W2944296668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"EEG":[0,28,43,63,103,121,126,217,240],"signal":[1],"classification":[2,169,193,218,229,233],"is":[3,76],"an":[4,9,191],"important":[5],"task":[6],"to":[7,26,41,78,101,123,138,155,225,245],"build":[8],"accurate":[10],"Brain":[11,65],"Computer":[12],"Interface":[13],"(BCI)":[14],"system.":[15],"Many":[16],"machine":[17],"learning":[18,21],"and":[19,37,58,117,161,251],"deep":[20],"approaches":[22],"have":[23,33],"been":[24],"used":[25],"classify":[27,42],"signals.":[29,44,167],"Besides,":[30],"many":[31],"studies":[32,54],"involved":[34],"the":[35,46,56,62,94,149,153,159,165,174,198,208,216,232],"time":[36,134,146,223,261],"frequency":[38,263],"domain":[39,264],"features":[40,83,104,157,248],"On":[45],"other":[47],"hand,":[48],"a":[49,124,140,144,178,203,221,226],"very":[50,68],"limited":[51],"number":[52],"of":[53,61,120,164,195,205],"combine":[55],"spatial":[57,116,160,250],"temporal":[59,118,162,252],"dimensions":[60,119,163],"signal.":[64],"dynamics":[66],"are":[67],"complex":[69],"across":[70,105],"different":[71,106,133],"mental":[72,107,257],"tasks,":[73],"thus":[74],"it":[75],"difficult":[77],"design":[79],"efficient":[80],"algorithms":[81],"with":[82],"based":[84],"on":[85,177],"prior":[86,110],"knowledge.":[87,111],"Therefore,":[88],"in":[89],"this":[90,113],"study,":[91],"we":[92],"utilized":[93],"2D":[95,125,141],"AlexNet":[96,154],"Convolutional":[97],"Neural":[98],"Network":[99],"(CNN)":[100],"learn":[102,156,246],"tasks":[108,258],"without":[109],"First,":[112],"study":[114],"adds":[115],"signals":[122],"topographic":[127,130,150,241],"map.":[128],"Second,":[129],"maps":[131,151,242],"at":[132],"indices":[135],"were":[136],"cascaded":[137],"populate":[139],"image":[142,228],"for":[143,207,235],"given":[145],"window.":[147],"Finally,":[148],"enabled":[152,243],"from":[158,181,220,249],"brain":[166],"The":[168,187,211],"performance":[170],"was":[171],"obtained":[172,190],"by":[173,202],"proposed":[175,188],"method":[176],"multiclass":[179],"dataset":[180,185],"BCI":[182,236],"Competition":[183],"IV":[184],"2a.":[186],"system":[189],"average":[192],"accuracy":[194,234],"81.09%,":[196],"outperforming":[197],"previous":[199],"state-of-the-art":[200],"methods":[201],"margin":[204],"4%":[206],"same":[209],"dataset.":[210],"results":[212],"showed":[213],"that":[214],"converting":[215],"problem":[219,230],"(1D)":[222],"series":[224],"(2D)":[227],"improves":[231],"systems.":[237],"Also,":[238],"our":[239],"CNN":[244],"subtle":[247],"dimensions,":[253],"which":[254],"better":[255],"represent":[256],"than":[259],"individual":[260],"or":[262],"features.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
