{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082414409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175874","title":"A Multi-view CNN with Novel Variance Layer for Motor Imagery Brain Computer Interface","display_name":"A Multi-view CNN with Novel Variance Layer for Motor Imagery Brain Computer Interface","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082414409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175874","mag":"3082414409","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018625"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175874","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175874","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054124683","display_name":"Ravikiran Mane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6701-187X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ravikiran Mane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075333146","display_name":"Neethu Robinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8531-2940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neethu Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042105714","display_name":"A. P. Vinod","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9408-1275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. P. Vinod","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011014617","display_name":"Seong\u2010Whan Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6249-4996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seong-Whan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031778999","display_name":"Cuntai Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0872-3276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cuntai Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054124683"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0106,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":122,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96259071,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"2950","last_page":"2953"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.8516400456428528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.8366492390632629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7930363416671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.7715929746627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7405142188072205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6486302614212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5896618962287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5785214304924011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5368810892105103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.532878577709198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.5168071985244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4413687288761139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.43491384387016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.42834898829460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.36121469736099243}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.8516400456428528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.8366492390632629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7930363416671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.7715929746627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7405142188072205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6486302614212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5896618962287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5785214304924011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5368810892105103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.532878577709198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.5168071985244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4413687288761139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43491384387016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.42834898829460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.36121469736099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056910","descriptor_name":"Republic of Korea","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056910","descriptor_name":"Republic of Korea","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056910","descriptor_name":"Republic of Korea","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175874","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175874","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:33018625","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-106481","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-106481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ust.hk:1783.1-106481","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://lbdiscover.ust.hk/uresolver?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/HKUST:SPI&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1557-170X&rft.volume=v. 2020-July&rft.issue=&rft.date=2020&rft.spage=2950&rft.aulast=Mane&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.atitle=A+Multi-view+CNN+with+Novel+Variance+Layer+for+Motor+Imagery+Brain+Computer+Interface&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+International+Conference+of+the+IEEE+Engineering+in+Medicine+and+Biology+Society%2C+EMBS","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W2010371409","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2559463885","https://openalex.org/W2741907166","https://openalex.org/W2792724009","https://openalex.org/W2912885887","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2986984881","https://openalex.org/W2990809856","https://openalex.org/W3102455230","https://openalex.org/W6631190155"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977940006","https://openalex.org/W2887556756","https://openalex.org/W2947925238","https://openalex.org/W195417223","https://openalex.org/W1984377984","https://openalex.org/W1961545574","https://openalex.org/W3045772920","https://openalex.org/W2510077457","https://openalex.org/W2047816336","https://openalex.org/W2944296668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"and":[1,92,180],"robust":[2],"classification":[3,119,162],"of":[4,49,57,108,120,154,175,190,194],"Motor":[5],"Imagery":[6],"(MI)":[7],"from":[8,115],"Electroencephalography":[9],"(EEG)":[10],"signals":[11],"is":[12,85],"among":[13],"the":[14,58,62,82,98,106,155,160,173,187],"most":[15],"challenging":[16],"tasks":[17],"in":[18,126,177],"Brain-Computer":[19],"Interface":[20],"(BCI)":[21],"field.":[22],"To":[23],"address":[24],"this":[25,27],"challenge,":[26],"paper":[28],"proposes":[29],"a":[30,54,78,88,93,111,127],"novel,":[31],"neuro-physiologically":[32],"inspired":[33],"convolutional":[34],"neural":[35],"network":[36],"(CNN)":[37],"named":[38],"Filter-Bank":[39],"Convolutional":[40],"Network":[41],"(FBCNet)":[42],"for":[43,72,118,192],"MI":[44,102,125],"classification.":[45],"Capturing":[46],"neurophysiological":[47],"signatures":[48],"MI,":[50],"FBCNet":[51,109,135,166,176,191],"first":[52],"creates":[53],"multi-view":[55],"representation":[56],"data":[59],"by":[60,165],"bandpass-filtering":[61],"EEG":[63],"into":[64,101],"multiple":[65],"frequency":[66],"bands.":[67],"Next,":[68],"spatially":[69],"discriminative":[70,183],"patterns":[71],"each":[73],"view":[74],"are":[75],"learned":[76],"using":[77,87,167],"CNN":[79],"layer.":[80],"Finally,":[81],"temporal":[83],"information":[84],"aggregated":[86],"new":[89],"variance":[90],"layer":[91,96],"fully":[94],"connected":[95],"classifies":[97],"resultant":[99],"features":[100],"classes.":[103],"We":[104,158,185],"evaluate":[105],"performance":[107],"on":[110],"publicly":[112],"available":[113],"dataset":[114],"Korea":[116],"University":[117],"left":[121],"vs":[122],"right":[123],"hand":[124],"subject-specific":[128],"10-fold":[129],"cross-validation":[130],"setting.":[131],"Results":[132],"show":[133,172],"that":[134],"achieves":[136],"more":[137],"than":[138,152],"6.7%":[139],"higher":[140,161],"accuracy":[141,163],"compared":[142],"to":[143],"other":[144],"state-of-the-art":[145],"deep":[146],"learning":[147,156,178],"architectures":[148],"while":[149],"requiring":[150],"less":[151],"1%":[153],"parameters.":[157],"explain":[159],"achieved":[164],"feature":[168],"visualization":[169],"where":[170],"we":[171],"superiority":[174],"interpretable":[179],"highly":[181],"generalizable":[182],"features.":[184],"provide":[186],"source":[188],"code":[189],"reproducibility":[193],"results.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}