{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082785820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175673","title":"Automatic Segmentation of 3D Ultrasound Spine Curvature Using Convolutional Neural Network","display_name":"Automatic Segmentation of 3D Ultrasound Spine Curvature Using Convolutional Neural Network","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082785820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175673","mag":"3082785820","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018405"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175673","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175673","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/143711/2/Binder1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101754277","display_name":"Sunetra Banerjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7923-4915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sunetra Banerjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Technology Sydney,School of Biomedical Engineering,NSW,Australia","School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Technology Sydney,School of Biomedical Engineering,NSW,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079852457","display_name":"Sai Ho Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0849-5098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sai Ho Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Technology Sydney,School of Biomedical Engineering,NSW,Australia","School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Technology Sydney,School of Biomedical Engineering,NSW,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100446294","display_name":"Juan Lyu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Engineering University,College of Information and Communication Engineering,Harbin,China","College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Engineering University,College of Information and Communication Engineering,Harbin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055012056","display_name":"Steven W. Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5720-8852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Technology Sydney,School of Biomedical Engineering,NSW,Australia","School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Technology Sydney,School of Biomedical Engineering,NSW,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673553","display_name":"Yong\u2010Ping Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3407-9226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong-Ping Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Department of Biomedical Engineering,Hong Kong","Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Department of Biomedical Engineering,Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101754277"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3482,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55555986,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"2039","last_page":"2042"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11030","display_name":"Scoliosis diagnosis and treatment","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6882953643798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6815305948257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6780884265899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.6501135230064392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scoliosis","display_name":"Scoliosis","score":0.6146194934844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6100533604621887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.5775390863418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curvature","display_name":"Curvature","score":0.5308481454849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5143190622329712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4717175364494324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4314384460449219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.42723965644836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4234817922115326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1947387456893921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08267080783843994}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6882953643798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6815305948257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6780884265899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.6501135230064392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780955175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174857","display_name":"Scoliosis","level":2,"score":0.6146194934844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6100533604621887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.5775390863418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195065555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881","display_name":"Curvature","level":2,"score":0.5308481454849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5143190622329712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4717175364494324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4314384460449219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.42723965644836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4234817922115326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1947387456893921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08267080783843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012600","descriptor_name":"Scoliosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012600","descriptor_name":"Scoliosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012600","descriptor_name":"Scoliosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013131","descriptor_name":"Spine","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013131","descriptor_name":"Spine","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013131","descriptor_name":"Spine","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175673","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175673","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:33018405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.lib.uts.edu.au:10453/143711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10453/143711","pdf_url":"https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/143711/2/Binder1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401357","display_name":"UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","host_organization_name":"University of Technology Sydney","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding"},{"id":"mag:3162712800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=202002230722817605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306512817","display_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.lib.uts.edu.au:10453/143711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10453/143711","pdf_url":"https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/143711/2/Binder1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401357","display_name":"UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","host_organization_name":"University of Technology Sydney","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3082785820.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W152404302","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1859742974","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2063462100","https://openalex.org/W2116040950","https://openalex.org/W2123402141","https://openalex.org/W2236297715","https://openalex.org/W2395252307","https://openalex.org/W2761801613","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2980192350","https://openalex.org/W3034045923","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637242042","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6779988263"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387917489","https://openalex.org/W2230280246","https://openalex.org/W2106222201","https://openalex.org/W2940802002","https://openalex.org/W2897262540","https://openalex.org/W2385859805","https://openalex.org/W2319837831","https://openalex.org/W3175427170","https://openalex.org/W2282664943","https://openalex.org/W2052143774"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Scoliosis":[0],"is":[1,31,45,124],"a":[2,10,18,46,125],"3D":[3,42],"spinal":[4],"deformation":[5],"where":[6],"the":[7,108],"spine":[8,99,116],"takes":[9],"lateral":[11],"curvature,":[12],"which":[13,52],"generates":[14],"an":[15,92],"angle":[16],"in":[17,77],"coronal":[19],"plane.":[20],"For":[21],"periodic":[22],"detection":[23,121],"of":[24,58,82,107,110,122],"scoliosis,":[25,123],"safe":[26],"and":[27,48,64,97],"economic":[28],"imaging":[29,38,44,50],"modality":[30,51],"needed":[32],"as":[33],"continuous":[34],"exposure":[35],"to":[36,118],"radiative":[37],"may":[39],"cause":[40],"cancer.":[41],"ultrasound":[43,115],"cost-effective":[47],"radiation-free":[49],"gives":[53],"volume":[54],"projection":[55],"image.":[56],"Identification":[57],"mid-spine":[59],"line":[60],"using":[61,102],"manual,":[62],"semi-automatic":[63],"automatic":[65,98,120],"methods":[66],"have":[67],"been":[68],"published.":[69],"Still,":[70],"there":[71],"are":[72],"some":[73],"difficulties":[74],"like":[75],"variations":[76],"human":[78],"measurement,":[79],"slow":[80],"processing":[81],"data":[83],"associated":[84],"with":[85],"them.":[86],"In":[87],"this":[88],"paper,":[89],"we":[90],"propose":[91],"unsupervised":[93],"ground":[94],"truth":[95],"generation":[96],"curvature":[100],"segmentation":[101],"U-":[103],"Net.":[104],"This":[105],"approach":[106],"application":[109],"Convolutional":[111],"Neural":[112],"Network":[113],"on":[114],"image,":[117],"perform":[119],"novel":[126],"one.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
