{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3081785447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175257","title":"Use of multilayer network modularity and spatiotemporal network switching rate to explore changes of functional brain networks in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","display_name":"Use of multilayer network modularity and spatiotemporal network switching rate to explore changes of functional brain networks in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3081785447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175257","mag":"3081785447","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018179"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175257","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079498299","display_name":"Fan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5468-4782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100736197","display_name":"Yuxia Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2740-8538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115644","display_name":"Chinese Institute for Brain Research","ror":"https://ror.org/029819q61","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115644"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxia Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease, Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China","Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease, Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100760938","display_name":"Ying Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0377-7424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115644","display_name":"Chinese Institute for Brain Research","ror":"https://ror.org/029819q61","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115644"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease, Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China","Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease, Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081693785","display_name":"Jiehui Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4948-3683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiehui Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"1104","last_page":"1107"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.6283036470413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centrality","display_name":"Centrality","score":0.48558443784713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hippocampal-formation","display_name":"Hippocampal formation","score":0.48281344771385193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resting-state-fmri","display_name":"Resting state fMRI","score":0.4796319603919983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.47878849506378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-temporal-gyrus","display_name":"Middle temporal gyrus","score":0.423234760761261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.41616091132164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38880181312561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3804999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.33374619483947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology","display_name":"Audiology","score":0.3230840563774109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1969408094882965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1511451005935669}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779226451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903809","display_name":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.6283036470413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53811970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062194","display_name":"Centrality","level":2,"score":0.48558443784713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148762608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3748185","display_name":"Hippocampal formation","level":2,"score":0.48281344771385193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66324658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316120","display_name":"Resting state fMRI","level":2,"score":0.4796319603919983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.47878849506378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780621315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5407200","display_name":"Middle temporal gyrus","level":3,"score":0.423234760761261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.41616091132164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38880181312561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3804999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33374619483947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.3230840563774109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1969408094882965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1511451005935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175257","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:33018179","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018179","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996196481","https://openalex.org/W2007213925","https://openalex.org/W2050318650","https://openalex.org/W2078563124","https://openalex.org/W2081808793","https://openalex.org/W2100634972","https://openalex.org/W2128155135","https://openalex.org/W2161502085","https://openalex.org/W2337323496","https://openalex.org/W2583273159","https://openalex.org/W2616787955","https://openalex.org/W2905348728","https://openalex.org/W4211213171"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2601707947","https://openalex.org/W2168298321","https://openalex.org/W2387620927","https://openalex.org/W2294986132","https://openalex.org/W2365936003","https://openalex.org/W4401572343","https://openalex.org/W2790620361","https://openalex.org/W1964455563","https://openalex.org/W2319066238","https://openalex.org/W2371524820"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Alzheimer's":[0],"disease":[1],"(AD)":[2],"is":[3,8,114],"progressive":[4],"neurodegenerative":[5],"disease.":[6],"It":[7],"important":[9],"to":[10,14,153],"identify":[11,154],"effective":[12],"biomarkers":[13],"explore":[15],"changes":[16,68,79,229],"of":[17,46,53,69,84,130,156,251],"complex":[18],"functional":[19,27],"brain":[20,35,70,97,252],"networks":[21,71,253],"in":[22,72,170,194,215,230],"AD":[23,135,160,184,255],"patients":[24,136,161,256],"based":[25],"on":[26],"magnetic":[28],"resonance":[29],"imaging":[30],"(fMRI).":[31],"Recently,":[32],"four":[33],"fMRI":[34],"network":[36,98,104,108],"parameters":[37,64],"were":[38],"frequently":[39],"used,":[40],"including":[41],"regional":[42],"homogeneity":[43],"(ReHo),":[44],"amplitude":[45,52],"low":[47,54],"frequency":[48,55],"fluctuations":[49,56],"(ALFF),":[50],"fractional":[51],"(f/ALFF)":[57],"and":[58,86,106,122,137,162,173,180,185,198,204,222,241,257],"degree":[59],"centrality":[60],"(DC).":[61],"However,":[62],"these":[63,171,231],"only":[65],"present":[66],"the":[67,123,128,167],"a":[73,81,95,227],"full":[74],"time":[75,85],"quantum,":[76],"but":[77],"ignore":[78],"over":[80],"short":[82],"period":[83],"lack":[87],"space":[88],"information.":[89],"In":[90],"this":[91],"study":[92],"we":[93,132,148,165],"propose":[94],"new":[96],"parameter":[99,113],"for":[100],"fMRI,":[101],"called":[102],"multilayer":[103],"modularity":[105],"spatiotemporal":[107],"switching":[109],"rate":[110],"(stNSR).":[111],"This":[112],"calculated":[115,166],"combing":[116],"Pearson":[117],"correlation":[118],"sliding":[119],"Hamming":[120],"window":[121],"Louvain":[124],"algorithm.":[125],"To":[126],"verify":[127],"efficiency":[129],"stNSR,":[131],"selected":[133],"61":[134],"110":[138],"healthy":[139],"controls":[140],"(HC)":[141],"from":[142],"Xuanwu":[143],"Hospital,":[144],"Beijing,":[145],"China.":[146],"First,":[147],"used":[149],"two-sample":[150],"t":[151],"test":[152],"regions":[155],"interest":[157],"(ROI)":[158],"between":[159,183,254],"HCs.":[163,258],"Second,":[164],"stNSR":[168,192,211,247],"values":[169,182,193,212],"ROIs,":[172],"compared":[174],"them":[175],"with":[176],"ReHo,":[177,238],"ALFF,":[178,239],"f/ALFF,":[179,240],"DC":[181],"HC":[186],"groups.":[187],"The":[188,243],"results":[189,244],"showed":[190],"that,":[191],"left":[195,201,205,216,220],"calcimine":[196],"fissure":[197],"surrounding":[199],"cortex,":[200],"Lingual":[202],"gyrus":[203],"cerebellum":[206],"inferior":[207],"significantly":[208,213],"increased,":[209],"while":[210],"decreased":[214],"Para":[217],"hippocampal":[218],"gyrus,":[219],"temporal":[221,224],"superior":[223],"gyrus.":[225],"As":[226],"comparison,":[228],"ROIs":[232],"could":[233],"not":[234],"be":[235],"observed":[236],"using":[237],"DC.":[242],"indicated":[245],"that":[246],"may":[248],"reflect":[249],"differences":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}