{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082388284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175156","title":"A normalisation approach improves the performance of inter-subject sEMG-based hand gesture recognition with a ConvNet","display_name":"A normalisation approach improves the performance of inter-subject sEMG-based hand gesture recognition with a ConvNet","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082388284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175156","mag":"3082388284","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018071"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175156","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175156","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013117829","display_name":"Yuzhou Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3184-0523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuzhou Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Kent, Kent, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Kent, Kent, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037318051","display_name":"Ramaswamy Palaniappan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5296-8396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramaswamy Palaniappan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Kent, Kent, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Kent, Kent, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079704012","display_name":"Philippe De Wilde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4332-1715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philippe De Wilde","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Kent, Kent, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Kent, Kent, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435342","display_name":"Ling Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4026-0216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Kent, Kent, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Kent, Kent, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"649","last_page":"652"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.8539465665817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7764584422111511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.7004033327102661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6868410110473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6397136449813843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6373114585876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6095098257064819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5126447081565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.43937546014785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36769455671310425}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.8539465665817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7764584422111511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.7004033327102661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6868410110473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6397136449813843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6373114585876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6095098257064819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5126447081565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.43937546014785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36769455671310425}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175156","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175156","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:33018071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33018071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:kar.kent.ac.uk:83026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC44109.2020.9175156>)","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196264","display_name":"Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","host_organization_name":"University of Kent","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference proceeding"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1567010277","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W2002499457","https://openalex.org/W2035968169","https://openalex.org/W2046698687","https://openalex.org/W2123167643","https://openalex.org/W2153578909","https://openalex.org/W2165619603","https://openalex.org/W2753202447","https://openalex.org/W2922495984","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W2962879438","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6659583897"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W4200173597","https://openalex.org/W3116150086","https://openalex.org/W2999805992","https://openalex.org/W4380075502","https://openalex.org/W4291897433","https://openalex.org/W4223943233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"the":[1,23,59,81,90,107,118,128,140,158,168,191],"subject-specific":[2],"surface":[3],"electromyography":[4],"(sEMG)-based":[5],"gesture":[6,77,104],"classification":[7,78],"with":[8,167],"deep":[9,82],"learning":[10,83],"algorithms":[11],"has":[12],"been":[13],"widely":[14],"researched.":[15],"However,":[16],"it":[17],"is":[18,121],"not":[19,111],"practical":[20],"to":[21,30,44,57,123,138],"obtain":[22],"training":[24,80],"data":[25,126,170],"by":[26,157,189],"requiring":[27],"a":[28,45,66,102,146,150],"user":[29,152],"perform":[31],"hand":[32,76,103],"gestures":[33],"many":[34,51],"times":[35],"in":[36,106],"real":[37],"life.":[38],"This":[39],"problem":[40],"can":[41],"be":[42,55],"alleviated":[43],"certain":[46],"extent":[47],"if":[48],"sEMG":[49,74,94],"from":[50,145],"other":[52],"subjects":[53],"could":[54],"used":[56,137],"train":[58],"classifier.":[60],"In":[61],"this":[62],"paper,":[63],"we":[64],"propose":[65],"normalisation":[67,120],"approach":[68],"that":[69,89],"allows":[70],"implementing":[71],"real-time":[72],"subject-independent":[73],"based":[75],"without":[79],"algorithm":[84],"subject":[85],"specifically.":[86],"We":[87],"hypothesed":[88],"amplitude":[91,141],"ranges":[92],"of":[93,134,149],"across":[95],"channels":[96],"between":[97],"forearm":[98],"muscle":[99],"contractions":[100],"for":[101],"recorded":[105],"same":[108],"condition":[109],"do":[110],"vary":[112],"significantly":[113],"within":[114],"each":[115,135],"individual.":[116],"Therefore,":[117],"min-max":[119],"applied":[122],"source":[124],"domain":[125],"but":[127],"new":[129,151],"maximum":[130],"and":[131,155,182],"minimum":[132],"values":[133],"channel":[136],"restrict":[139],"range":[142],"are":[143],"calculated":[144],"trial":[147],"cycle":[148],"(target":[153],"domain)":[154],"assigned":[156],"class":[159],"label.":[160],"A":[161],"convolutional":[162],"neural":[163],"network":[164],"(ConvNet)":[165],"trained":[166],"normalised":[169],"achieved":[171],"an":[172],"average":[173],"87.03%":[174],"accuracy":[175],"on":[176,184],"our":[177],"G.":[178],"dataset":[179,186],"(12":[180],"gestures)":[181,188],"94.53%":[183],"M.":[185],"(7":[187],"using":[190],"leave-one-subject-out":[192],"cross-validation.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}