{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389542927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10341170","title":"A Comparative Study of Deep Learning Methods for Multi-Class Semantic Segmentation of 2D Kidney Ultrasound Images","display_name":"A Comparative Study of Deep Learning Methods for Multi-Class Semantic Segmentation of 2D Kidney Ultrasound Images","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389542927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10341170","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38083246"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10341170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10341170","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008742989","display_name":"Sim\u00e3o Valente","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6099-8082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185808892","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of C\u00e1vado and Ave","ror":"https://ror.org/0448qsq10","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185808892"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sim\u00e3o Valente","raw_affiliation_strings":["IPCA,2Ai &#x2013; School of Technology,Barcelos,Portugal","Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IPCA,2Ai &#x2013; School of Technology,Barcelos,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185808892"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081841142","display_name":"Pedro Morais","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1995-7879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185808892","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of C\u00e1vado and Ave","ror":"https://ror.org/0448qsq10","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185808892"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Morais","raw_affiliation_strings":["IPCA,2Ai &#x2013;School of Technology,Barcelos,Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IPCA,2Ai &#x2013;School of Technology,Barcelos,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185808892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023155064","display_name":"Helena R. Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8407-3255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185808892","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of C\u00e1vado and Ave","ror":"https://ror.org/0448qsq10","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185808892"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helena R. Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["IPCA,2Ai &#x2013;School of Technology,Barcelos,Portugal","Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IPCA,2Ai &#x2013;School of Technology,Barcelos,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185808892"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027235988","display_name":"Bruno Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1616-2234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185808892","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of C\u00e1vado and Ave","ror":"https://ror.org/0448qsq10","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185808892"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["IPCA,2Ai &#x2013;School of Technology,Barcelos,Portugal","Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IPCA,2Ai &#x2013;School of Technology,Barcelos,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185808892"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030613300","display_name":"L.R. Buschle","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086748","display_name":"Karl Storz (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/003kmcj19","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086748"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L.R. Buschle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karl Storz SE &#x0026; Co. KG,Tuttlingen,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karl Storz SE &#x0026; Co. KG,Tuttlingen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063752654","display_name":"A. Fritz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086748","display_name":"Karl Storz (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/003kmcj19","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086748"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Fritz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karl Storz SE &#x0026; Co. KG,Tuttlingen,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karl Storz SE &#x0026; Co. KG,Tuttlingen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066276941","display_name":"Jorge Correia\u2010Pinto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9265-6896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Correia-Pinto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minho,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine,Braga,Portugal","Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minho,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine,Braga,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059271730","display_name":"Est\u00eav\u00e3o Lima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1962-7968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Estev\u00e3o Lima","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minho,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine,Braga,Portugal","Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minho,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine,Braga,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008817714","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o L. Vila\u00e7a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4196-5357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185808892","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of C\u00e1vado and Ave","ror":"https://ror.org/0448qsq10","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185808892"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o L. Vila\u00e7a","raw_affiliation_strings":["IPCA,2Ai &#x2013;School of Technology,Barcelos,Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IPCA,2Ai &#x2013;School of Technology,Barcelos,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185808892"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11174","display_name":"Pediatric Urology and Nephrology Studies","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10449","display_name":"Renal cell carcinoma treatment","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7638281583786011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7235307693481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.722478449344635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echogenicity","display_name":"Echogenicity","score":0.5737810134887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5245823264122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.5035449862480164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.48199644684791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.45958179235458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.4490243196487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4437447190284729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.3385600447654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2925282120704651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.22335472702980042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.17430266737937927}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7638281583786011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7235307693481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.722478449344635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206111553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3501532","display_name":"Echogenicity","level":3,"score":0.5737810134887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5245823264122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.5035449862480164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48199644684791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.45958179235458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.4490243196487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4437447190284729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.3385600447654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2925282120704651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.22335472702980042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17430266737937927}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10341170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10341170","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:38083246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38083246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49466571","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2018118305","https://openalex.org/W2089769256","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2783788487","https://openalex.org/W2884436604","https://openalex.org/W2912989244","https://openalex.org/W2919527729","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2985868371","https://openalex.org/W3014974815","https://openalex.org/W3080245372","https://openalex.org/W3112701542","https://openalex.org/W3204299240","https://openalex.org/W4200364571","https://openalex.org/W4221163766","https://openalex.org/W4226438092","https://openalex.org/W4294975193","https://openalex.org/W4296260519","https://openalex.org/W4387225163"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2138983844","https://openalex.org/W1968965685","https://openalex.org/W2012792772","https://openalex.org/W2356573839","https://openalex.org/W2111883783","https://openalex.org/W2009028679","https://openalex.org/W2357424838","https://openalex.org/W2327601824","https://openalex.org/W4237142086","https://openalex.org/W2161102362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ultrasound":[0],"(US)":[1],"imaging":[2,8],"is":[3,32,55],"a":[4,56,137,223],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"medical":[7],"modality":[9],"for":[10,17,34,58,80,129,145,231,242,246,250,255,285],"the":[11,24,35,41,65,74,88,97,100,104,115,126,146,149,193,211,215,219,243,247,251,256,261,269,281],"diagnosis,":[12],"monitoring,":[13],"and":[14,26,40,50,67,120,151,160,188,253,298,306,314],"surgical":[15],"planning":[16],"kidney":[18,25,38,51,66,150,171,272,289],"conditions.":[19],"Thus,":[20],"accurate":[21],"segmentation":[22,98,147,203,273,290],"of":[23,37,43,99,103,118,140,148,195,204,226,240,263,271,283,288],"internal":[27,68,101,152],"structures":[28,69,102,153],"in":[29,70,110,162,166,180,267,274,291,310],"US":[30,71,164,172,186,275],"images":[31,165,200],"essential":[33],"assessment":[36],"function":[39],"detection":[42],"pathological":[44],"conditions,":[45],"such":[46,81,302],"as":[47,303],"cysts,":[48],"tumors,":[49],"stones.":[52],"Therefore,":[53],"there":[54],"need":[57],"automated":[59],"methods":[60,86,266],"that":[61,214],"can":[62],"accurately":[63],"segment":[64],"images.":[72],"Over":[73],"years,":[75],"automatic":[76],"strategies":[77,94],"were":[78,108,208],"proposed":[79],"purpose,":[82],"with":[83,201,222],"deep":[84,142,264],"learning":[85,143],"achieving":[87],"current":[89],"state-of-the-art":[90],"results.":[91],"However,":[92],"these":[93],"typically":[95],"ignore":[96],"kidney.":[105],"Moreover,":[106],"they":[107],"evaluated":[109],"different":[111,185],"private":[112],"datasets,":[113],"hampering":[114],"direct":[116],"comparison":[117],"results,":[119],"making":[121],"it":[122],"difficult":[123],"to":[124,229,294],"determination":[125],"optimal":[127],"strategy":[128],"this":[130,133],"task.":[131],"In":[132],"study,":[134],"we":[135],"perform":[136],"comparative":[138],"analysis":[139],"7":[141],"networks":[144],"(Capsule,":[154],"Central":[155],"Echogenic":[156],"Complex":[157],"(CEC),":[158],"Cortex":[159],"Medulla)":[161],"2D":[163],"an":[167],"open":[168],"access":[169],"multi-class":[170],"dataset.":[173],"The":[174,190],"dataset":[175,191],"includes":[176],"514":[177],"images,":[178],"acquired":[179],"multiple":[181],"clinical":[182],"centers":[183],"using":[184],"machines":[187],"protocols.":[189],"contains":[192],"annotation":[194],"two":[196],"experts,":[197],"but":[198],"321":[199],"complete":[202],"all":[205],"4":[206],"classes":[207],"used.":[209],"Overall,":[210],"results":[212],"demonstrate":[213],"DeepLabV3+":[216],"network":[217],"outperformed":[218],"inter-rater":[220,232],"variability":[221],"Dice":[224,238],"score":[225],"78.0%":[227],"compared":[228],"75.6%":[230],"variability.":[233],"Specifically,":[234],"DeepLabV3Plus":[235],"achieved":[236],"mean":[237],"scores":[239],"94.2%":[241],"Capsule,":[244],"85.8%":[245],"CEC,":[248],"62.4%":[249],"Cortex,":[252],"69.6%":[254],"Medulla.":[257],"These":[258],"findings":[259],"suggest":[260],"potential":[262,282],"learning-based":[265],"improving":[268,286],"accuracy":[270,287],"images.Clinical":[276],"Relevance\u2014":[277],"This":[278],"study":[279],"shows":[280],"DL":[284],"US,":[292],"leading":[293],"increased":[295],"diagnostic":[296],"efficiency,":[297],"enabling":[299],"new":[300],"applications":[301],"computer-aided":[304],"diagnosis":[305],"treatment,":[307],"ultimately":[308],"resulting":[309],"improved":[311],"patient":[312],"outcomes":[313],"reduced":[315],"healthcare":[316],"costs.":[317],"<sup":[318],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[319],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1</sup>":[320]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2023-12-12T00:00:00"}