{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389538365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10341155","title":"Early Diagnosis and Biomarkers of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Based on Spatio-temporal Graph Convolution Network","display_name":"Early Diagnosis and Biomarkers of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Based on Spatio-temporal Graph Convolution Network","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389538365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10341155","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38083072"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10341155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10341155","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100386253","display_name":"Ying Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3764-7329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ying Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai University,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences,Shanghai,China","Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai University,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061511786","display_name":"Juanjuan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1875-4807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juanjuan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai University,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences,Shanghai,China","Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai University,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070796737","display_name":"Ronghua Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6768-5691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronghua Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai University,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences,Shanghai,China","Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai University,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115695013","display_name":"Luyao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0605-4034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luyao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai University,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences,Shanghai,China","Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai University,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081693785","display_name":"Jiehui Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4948-3683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiehui Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai University,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences,Shanghai,China","Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai University,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100340911","display_name":"Min Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-4246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai University,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences,Shanghai,China","Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai University,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100386253"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1492,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7842598,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.979200005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6783853769302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.6213028430938721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.5504150390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.5252121090888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-theory","display_name":"Graph theory","score":0.42720839381217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40642938017845154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2550618052482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2188173532485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.155213862657547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.15351423621177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.11748391389846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.07109016180038452}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6783853769302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.6213028430938721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.5504150390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5252121090888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.42720839381217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40642938017845154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2550618052482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2188173532485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.155213862657547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.15351423621177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.11748391389846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.07109016180038452}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D042241","descriptor_name":"Early Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D042241","descriptor_name":"Early Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D042241","descriptor_name":"Early Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D042241","descriptor_name":"Early Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D042241","descriptor_name":"Early Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060825","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Dysfunction","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060825","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Dysfunction","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060825","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Dysfunction","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060825","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Dysfunction","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060825","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Dysfunction","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10341155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10341155","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:38083072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38083072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337495","display_name":"Technology Development","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2725237741","https://openalex.org/W2779020697","https://openalex.org/W2896079587","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2941840285","https://openalex.org/W2976163884","https://openalex.org/W3015452043","https://openalex.org/W3089503988","https://openalex.org/W3116871539","https://openalex.org/W3186899711","https://openalex.org/W3215284383","https://openalex.org/W4304889666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387838477","https://openalex.org/W2067193074","https://openalex.org/W2182785089","https://openalex.org/W3107426390","https://openalex.org/W4312178642","https://openalex.org/W2375093801","https://openalex.org/W1534368937","https://openalex.org/W4312624109","https://openalex.org/W3175683656","https://openalex.org/W2892553522"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Functional":[0],"magnetic":[1],"resonance":[2],"imaging":[3],"(fMRI)":[4],"could":[5],"detect":[6],"the":[7,70,107,142,151,186,200,203],"dynamic":[8],"activity":[9],"of":[10,49,100,189,202,205],"brain":[11,20,145],"function":[12],"and":[13,51,79,88,118,139,167],"communication.":[14],"Previous":[15],"studies":[16],"have":[17],"found":[18],"reduced":[19],"functional":[21,209],"connectivity":[22,210],"in":[23,65],"Alzheimer's":[24,71],"disease":[25],"(AD)":[26],"patients.":[27],"In":[28,109],"this":[29,66],"study,":[30],"we":[31,111],"proposed":[32,172,193],"to":[33,43,52,105,114,177],"process":[34],"fMRI":[35],"data":[36,63],"by":[37,148,207],"spatio-temporal":[38],"graph":[39],"convolution":[40],"network":[41],"(ST-GCN)":[42],"achieve":[44],"an":[45],"early":[46,187],"differential":[47],"diagnosis":[48,128,188],"AD":[50,127,206],"extract":[53,115],"image":[54,116],"markers":[55,117,180],"using":[56],"gradient-weighted":[57],"class":[58],"activation":[59],"mapping":[60],"(Grad-CAM).":[61],"The":[62,82,96],"used":[64,104,112,184],"study":[67,83],"were":[68],"from":[69],"Disease":[72],"Neuroimaging":[73],"Initiative":[74],"(ADNI)":[75],"database,":[76],"Xuanwu":[77],"Hospital,":[78],"Tongji":[80],"Hospital.":[81],"included":[84],"1105":[85],"normal":[86],"controls":[87],"790":[89],"patients":[90],"with":[91],"mild":[92],"cognitive":[93],"impairment":[94],"(MCI).":[95],"grid":[97],"search":[98],"method":[99],"K-fold":[101],"cross-validation":[102],"was":[103],"train":[106],"model.":[108],"addition,":[110],"Grad-CAM":[113,149],"carried":[119],"out":[120],"visualization":[121],"analysis.":[122],"This":[123],"model":[124,174,194],"obtains":[125],"better":[126],"power:":[129],"accuracy":[130],"=":[131,134,137],"0.92,":[132],"sensitivity":[133],"0.97,":[135],"specificity":[136],"0.89,":[138],"area":[140],"under":[141],"curve=0.96.":[143],"Salient":[144],"regions":[146],"extracted":[147],"include":[150],"paracentral":[152],"lobule,":[153],"inferior":[154],"occipital":[155],"gyrus,":[156,159,162,166],"middle":[157],"frontal":[158],"superior":[160,168],"temporal":[161],"cuneus,":[163],"posterior":[164],"cingulate":[165],"parietal":[169],"gyrus.":[170],"Our":[171,192],"ST-GAN":[173],"will":[175],"help":[176],"explore":[178],"objective":[179],"that":[181],"can":[182],"be":[183],"for":[185,198],"AD.Clinical":[190],"relevance-":[191],"shows":[195],"great":[196],"potential":[197],"enhancing":[199],"understanding":[201],"pathology":[204],"detecting":[208],"interruptions.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
