{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389538385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340984","title":"MM-HAR: Multi-Modal Human Activity Recognition Using Consumer Smartwatch and Earbuds","display_name":"MM-HAR: Multi-Modal Human Activity Recognition Using Consumer Smartwatch and Earbuds","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389538385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340984","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38083061"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340984","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022181631","display_name":"Nafiul Rashid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7280-5452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nafiul Rashid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Health Lab at Samsung Research America,Mountain View,CA,USA","Digital Health Lab at Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health Lab at Samsung Research America,Mountain View,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health Lab at Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045088073","display_name":"Ebrahim Nemati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6406-1086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ebrahim Nemati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Health Lab at Samsung Research America,Mountain View,CA,USA","Digital Health Lab at Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health Lab at Samsung Research America,Mountain View,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health Lab at Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085962998","display_name":"Mohsin Y Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3361-838X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsin Y Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Health Lab at Samsung Research America,Mountain View,CA,USA","Digital Health Lab at Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health Lab at Samsung Research America,Mountain View,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health Lab at Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002167339","display_name":"Jilong Kuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2942-9102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jilong Kuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Health Lab at Samsung Research America,Mountain View,CA,USA","Digital Health Lab at Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health Lab at Samsung Research America,Mountain View,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health Lab at Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101868862","display_name":"Jun Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-8457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Alex Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Health Lab at Samsung Research America,Mountain View,CA,USA","Digital Health Lab at Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health Lab at Samsung Research America,Mountain View,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health Lab at Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022181631"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7369,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73702069,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartwatch","display_name":"Smartwatch","score":0.9684280157089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activity-recognition","display_name":"Activity recognition","score":0.7474873065948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7299209833145142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.668010950088501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.6481902003288269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6331281065940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.6290407180786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.6224691867828369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","score":0.5129665732383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.508658230304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47336098551750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46155405044555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.4430680572986603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.13483142852783203}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29794715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5362345","display_name":"Smartwatch","level":3,"score":0.9684280157089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121687571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677630","display_name":"Activity recognition","level":2,"score":0.7474873065948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7299209833145142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.668010950088501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.6481902003288269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6331281065940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.6290407180786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.6224691867828369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.5129665732383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.508658230304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47336098551750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46155405044555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.4430680572986603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.13483142852783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340984","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:38083061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38083061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986870606","https://openalex.org/W2007717933","https://openalex.org/W2026297770","https://openalex.org/W2054242744","https://openalex.org/W2054780155","https://openalex.org/W2072737142","https://openalex.org/W2126511896","https://openalex.org/W2412822360","https://openalex.org/W2587509230","https://openalex.org/W2748818549","https://openalex.org/W2884532811","https://openalex.org/W2889016544","https://openalex.org/W2891281650","https://openalex.org/W3087706811","https://openalex.org/W3112105942","https://openalex.org/W3115695163","https://openalex.org/W3116434220","https://openalex.org/W3128348732","https://openalex.org/W3204496309","https://openalex.org/W3207180004"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285587629","https://openalex.org/W2748818549","https://openalex.org/W4304142278","https://openalex.org/W2342865424","https://openalex.org/W2587509230","https://openalex.org/W4283331601","https://openalex.org/W2765158217","https://openalex.org/W3097068272","https://openalex.org/W2756171776","https://openalex.org/W2582769230"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"Activity":[1],"Recognition":[2],"(HAR)":[3],"is":[4],"one":[5,49],"of":[6,10,32,50,80,94,104,116,125],"the":[7,29,51,92,102,114,137,150,159],"important":[8],"applications":[9],"digital":[11],"health":[12],"that":[13],"helps":[14],"to":[15,19,28,57,68,153],"track":[16,58],"fitness":[17],"or":[18],"avoid":[20],"sedentary":[21],"behavior":[22],"by":[23,70],"monitoring":[24],"daily":[25],"activities.":[26],"Due":[27],"growing":[30],"popularity":[31],"consumer":[33],"wearable":[34],"devices,":[35],"smartwatches,":[36],"and":[37,74,87,112,133,155],"earbuds":[38],"are":[39],"being":[40],"widely":[41],"adopted":[42],"for":[43,122,149],"HAR":[44,69],"applications.":[45],"However,":[46],"using":[47,71,95],"just":[48],"devices":[52,126],"may":[53,144],"not":[54],"be":[55],"sufficient":[56],"all":[59],"activities":[60],"properly.":[61],"This":[62],"paper":[63,143],"proposes":[64],"a":[65,77,96,105,147],"multi-modal":[66,106],"approach":[67],"both":[72,85],"buds":[73,129],"watch.":[75],"Using":[76],"large":[78],"dataset":[79],"44":[81],"subjects":[82],"collected":[83],"from":[84],"in-lab":[86],"in-home":[88],"environments,":[89],"we":[90,109],"demonstrate":[91],"limitations":[93],"single":[97],"modality":[98],"as":[99,101,128,146],"well":[100],"importance":[103],"approach.":[107],"Moreover,":[108],"also":[110],"train":[111],"evaluate":[113],"performance":[115],"five":[117],"different":[118],"machine":[119],"learning":[120],"classifiers":[121],"various":[123],"combinations":[124],"such":[127],"only,":[130,132],"watch":[131],"both.":[134],"We":[135],"believe":[136],"detailed":[138],"analyses":[139],"presented":[140],"in":[141,158],"this":[142],"serve":[145],"benchmark":[148],"research":[151],"community":[152],"explore":[154],"build":[156],"upon":[157],"future.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
