{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389542191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340853","title":"Living-skin Detection using Multi-layer Skin Property Perceived by the Structured Light","display_name":"Living-skin Detection using Multi-layer Skin Property Perceived by the Structured Light","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389542191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340853","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38083558"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340853","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340853","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100357195","display_name":"Zhiyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9152-7929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University of Science and Technology,College of Electrical Engineering and Automation,Qingdao,China,266590","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University of Science and Technology,College of Electrical Engineering and Automation,Qingdao,China,266590","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055478558","display_name":"Caifeng Shan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2131-1671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caifeng Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University of Science and Technology,College of Electrical Engineering and Automation,Qingdao,China,266590","National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University of Science and Technology,College of Electrical Engineering and Automation,Qingdao,China,266590","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100636785","display_name":"Wenjin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7832-5444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology,Department of Biomedical Engineering,Shenzhen,China,518055"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology,Department of Biomedical Engineering,Shenzhen,China,518055","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100357195"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105","https://openalex.org/I80143920"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2038,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48350548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.5937979221343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5804291367530823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5592646598815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-color","display_name":"Skin color","score":0.5084618330001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4845989942550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.4498056173324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4481000602245331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3513571619987488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.336317241191864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.31561899185180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.31269168853759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13646617531776428}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.5937979221343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5804291367530823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5592646598815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019497199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853516","display_name":"Skin color","level":2,"score":0.5084618330001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4845989942550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.4498056173324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4481000602245331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3513571619987488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.336317241191864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.31561899185180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.31269168853759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13646617531776428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005607","descriptor_name":"Fraud","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005607","descriptor_name":"Fraud","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005607","descriptor_name":"Fraud","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005607","descriptor_name":"Fraud","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005607","descriptor_name":"Fraud","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340853","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340853","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:38083558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38083558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329791","display_name":"Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W745606261","https://openalex.org/W1514015969","https://openalex.org/W1770095230","https://openalex.org/W1948432195","https://openalex.org/W1991349032","https://openalex.org/W2003092530","https://openalex.org/W2011016023","https://openalex.org/W2049381231","https://openalex.org/W2095252718","https://openalex.org/W2107227001","https://openalex.org/W2111992298","https://openalex.org/W2117806618","https://openalex.org/W2129622867","https://openalex.org/W2132788025","https://openalex.org/W2151343288","https://openalex.org/W2159929633","https://openalex.org/W2171646521","https://openalex.org/W2418633638","https://openalex.org/W2551249768","https://openalex.org/W2594582590","https://openalex.org/W2907801635","https://openalex.org/W3035459165","https://openalex.org/W3084397810","https://openalex.org/W3138196357","https://openalex.org/W3159891475","https://openalex.org/W4226291055","https://openalex.org/W4226397617","https://openalex.org/W6679780070"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967587236","https://openalex.org/W2384651879","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W2151699605","https://openalex.org/W4308999381","https://openalex.org/W3183843611","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W3211418293","https://openalex.org/W4308999963","https://openalex.org/W2133653344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Living-skin":[0],"detection":[1,80,91],"has":[2],"been":[3],"used":[4],"to":[5,59,82,152],"prevent":[6],"the":[7,27,42,45,50,54,60,89,100,133,136],"attack":[8],"of":[9,31,44,63,92,113,117,122,127,135,143],"face":[10,14,156],"fraud":[11],"in":[12,41,66],"a":[13,22,38,77,106,125],"recognition":[15],"system.":[16],"In":[17],"this":[18,73],"paper,":[19],"we":[20,75],"propose":[21],"new":[23,78,137,153],"concept":[24,138],"that":[25,99,139],"exploits":[26],"multi-layer":[28,141],"structure":[29],"property":[30],"skin":[32,55,67,84,144],"for":[33,146,155],"living-skin":[34,79,147],"detection.":[35],"We":[36],"observe":[37],"significant":[39],"difference":[40],"blur":[43,90],"laser":[46,64,93],"spot":[47],"created":[48],"by":[49],"structured":[51],"light":[52],"on":[53,72,88,124],"and":[56,69,85,103,119],"non-skin":[57,86],"due":[58],"characteristic":[61],"properties":[62,142],"photons":[65],"penetration":[68],"reflection.":[70],"Based":[71],"observation,":[74],"designed":[76],"algorithm":[81],"differentiate":[83],"based":[87],"spots.":[94],"The":[95],"experimental":[96],"results":[97],"show":[98],"proposed":[101],"setup":[102],"method":[104],"have":[105],"promising":[107],"performance":[108],"with":[109],"an":[110],"averaged":[111,115,120],"precision":[112],"96.7%,":[114],"recall":[116],"82.2%,":[118],"F1-score":[121],"88.6%":[123],"dataset":[126],"20":[128],"adult":[129],"subjects.":[130],"This":[131],"demonstrates":[132],"effectiveness":[134],"uses":[140],"tissues":[145],"detection,":[148],"which":[149],"may":[150],"lead":[151],"solutions":[154],"anti-spoofing.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
