{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389542847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340561","title":"DWT-CNNTRN: a Convolutional Transformer for ECG Classification with Discrete Wavelet Transform","display_name":"DWT-CNNTRN: a Convolutional Transformer for ECG Classification with Discrete Wavelet Transform","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389542847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340561","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38082682"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340561","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025134316","display_name":"Congyu Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7076-0553"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Congyu Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universität München,Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technische,Bayern,Germany,81675"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universität München,Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technische,Bayern,Germany,81675","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092296963","display_name":"Mikhael Djajapermana","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67348948","display_name":"Bayer (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04hmn8g73","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67348948"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikhael Djajapermana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universität München,Bayern,Germany,80333"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universität München,Bayern,Germany,80333","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67348948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085109427","display_name":"Eimo Martens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5801-0901"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eimo Martens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universität München,Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technische,Bayern,Germany,81675"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universität München,Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technische,Bayern,Germany,81675","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063480688","display_name":"Alexander J. Muller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-6933"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universität München,Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technische,Bayern,Germany,81675"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universität München,Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technische,Bayern,Germany,81675","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110428825","display_name":"Daniel R\u00fcckert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67348948","display_name":"Bayer (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04hmn8g73","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67348948"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel R\u00fcckert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universität München,Bayern,Germany,80333","Imperial College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universität München,Bayern,Germany,80333","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67348948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113683305","display_name":"Phillip M\u00fcller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67348948","display_name":"Bayer (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04hmn8g73","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67348948"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phillip M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universität München,Bayern,Germany,80333"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universität München,Bayern,Germany,80333","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67348948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005358216","display_name":"Alexander Steger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0033-6941"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Steger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universität München,Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technische,Bayern,Germany,81675"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universität München,Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technische,Bayern,Germany,81675","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104993212","display_name":"Matthias Becker","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fleischhacker GmbH & Co. KG,Schwerte,Germany,58239"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fleischhacker GmbH & Co. KG,Schwerte,Germany,58239","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004140094","display_name":"Wolfgang Utschick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2871-4246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67348948","display_name":"Bayer (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04hmn8g73","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67348948"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Utschick Wolfgang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universität München,Bayern,Germany,80333"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universität München,Bayern,Germany,80333","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67348948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4175,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68919187,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6990867257118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.6624504327774048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6215610504150391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6203222274780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6093636751174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-wavelet-transform","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","score":0.5316128730773926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.48875951766967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-diagnosis","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","score":0.48769864439964294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.44697344303131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/right-bundle-branch-block","display_name":"Right bundle branch block","score":0.41278624534606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.36197420954704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3252212107181549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrocardiography","display_name":"Electrocardiography","score":0.2729337215423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1168006956577301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.07718577980995178}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6990867257118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.6624504327774048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6215610504150391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6203222274780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6093636751174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46286280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414958","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","level":4,"score":0.5316128730773926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.48875951766967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.48769864439964294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.44697344303131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780350126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180375","display_name":"Right bundle branch block","level":3,"score":0.41278624534606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36197420954704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3252212107181549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780040984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79785","display_name":"Electrocardiography","level":2,"score":0.2729337215423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1168006956577301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.07718577980995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058067","descriptor_name":"Wavelet Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058067","descriptor_name":"Wavelet Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058067","descriptor_name":"Wavelet Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058067","descriptor_name":"Wavelet Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058067","descriptor_name":"Wavelet Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340561","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:38082682","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38082682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1752966","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1752966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W70095495","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1928278792","https://openalex.org/W2108396267","https://openalex.org/W2115340664","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2888456553","https://openalex.org/W2908110836","https://openalex.org/W2953193031","https://openalex.org/W2963532813","https://openalex.org/W2983902802","https://openalex.org/W3005487465","https://openalex.org/W3035916338","https://openalex.org/W3120454905","https://openalex.org/W3121032337","https://openalex.org/W3123326053","https://openalex.org/W3167986199","https://openalex.org/W4206476126","https://openalex.org/W4244733221","https://openalex.org/W4289304905","https://openalex.org/W6739901393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2085792030","https://openalex.org/W1588899229","https://openalex.org/W2172291505","https://openalex.org/W2023142747","https://openalex.org/W2037009764","https://openalex.org/W2063036707","https://openalex.org/W2501033992","https://openalex.org/W2377605153","https://openalex.org/W1967182499","https://openalex.org/W2088723847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cardiovascular":[0],"diseases":[1,13],"are":[2,14,149],"the":[3,63,68,71,82,85,88,96,107,119,123,153,163],"leading":[4],"cause":[5],"of":[6,11,60,92,122,139,145,162,177],"death":[7],"worldwide.":[8],"The":[9,55,147,159],"diagnoses":[10],"cardiovascular":[12],"usually":[15],"carried":[16],"out":[17],"by":[18],"cardiologists":[19],"utilizing":[20],"Electrocardiograms":[21],"(ECGs).":[22],"To":[23,80],"assist":[24],"these":[25],"physicians":[26],"in":[27,214],"making":[28],"an":[29,136,142],"accurate":[30],"diagnosis,":[31],"there":[32],"is":[33,48,58,116,166],"a":[34,45,77,101,173,190],"growing":[35],"need":[36],"for":[37,152],"reliable":[38],"and":[39,76,99,141,183,198,211],"automatic":[40,205],"ECG":[41,53,93,192,206],"classifiers.In":[42],"this":[43],"study,":[44],"new":[46,191],"method":[47],"proposed":[49,56,114,164],"to":[50,105,180],"classify":[51],"12-lead":[52,131],"recordings.":[54],"model":[57,86,97,115,165,194,200],"composed":[59],"four":[61],"components:":[62],"CNN(Convolutional":[64],"Neural":[65],"Network)":[66],"module,":[67,70],"transformer":[69],"global":[72],"hybrid":[73,102],"pooling":[74,103],"layer,":[75],"classification":[78,83],"layer.":[79],"improve":[81],"performance,":[84],"takes":[87],"discrete":[89],"wavelet":[90],"transform":[91],"signals":[94],"as":[95],"inputs":[98],"utilizes":[100],"layer":[104],"condense":[106],"most":[108],"important":[109],"features":[110],"over":[111],"each":[112],"period.The":[113],"evaluated":[117],"using":[118],"test":[120],"set":[121],"China":[124],"Physiological":[125],"Signal":[126],"Challenge":[127],"2018":[128],"dataset":[129],"with":[130,135,172,195],"ECGs.":[132],"It":[133,202],"performs":[134],"average":[137,143],"accuracy":[138],"0.86":[140],"F1-scores":[144],"0.83.":[146],"scores":[148],"particularly":[150],"good":[151,170],"block":[154],"conditions":[155],"(LBBB,":[156],"RBBB,":[157],"I-AVB).":[158],"main":[160],"advantage":[161],"that,":[167],"it":[168],"obtains":[169],"results":[171],"significantly":[174],"smaller":[175],"number":[176],"parameters":[178],"compared":[179],"other":[181],"individual":[182],"ensemble":[184],"models.Clinical":[185],"relevance-":[186],"This":[187],"work":[188],"establishes":[189],"classifier":[193],"high":[196],"performance":[197],"low":[199],"size.":[201],"can":[203],"make":[204],"analysis":[207],"more":[208],"accessible,":[209],"efficient,":[210],"accurate,":[212],"especially":[213],"remote":[215],"or":[216],"underserved":[217],"areas.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}