{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389577161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340507","title":"Monitoring the Effect of Levodopa Using Sustained Phonemes in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Patients","display_name":"Monitoring the Effect of Levodopa Using Sustained Phonemes in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Patients","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389577161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340507","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38083746"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340507","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084766876","display_name":"Mohammod Abdul Motin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1618-3772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I902853133","display_name":"University of Rajshahi","ror":"https://ror.org/05nnyr510","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I902853133"]}],"countries":["AU","BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammod A. Motin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rajshahi University Engineering & Technology,Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering,Bangladesh","School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rajshahi University Engineering & Technology,Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I902853133"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002671436","display_name":"Nemuel Daniel Pah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0181-3199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16413167","display_name":"University of Surabaya","ror":"https://ror.org/013314927","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16413167"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158289","display_name":"Universitas 45 Surabaya","ror":"https://ror.org/04xmkh626","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158289"]}],"countries":["AU","ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nemuel D. Pah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Surabaya,Electrical Engineering Department,Surabaya,Indonesia","School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia","Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Surabaya,Electrical Engineering Department,Surabaya,Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158289"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16413167"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100328491","display_name":"Dinesh Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3602-4023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinesh K. Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University,School of Engineering,Melbourne,VIC,Australia,3000"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University,School of Engineering,Melbourne,VIC,Australia,3000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084766876"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845","https://openalex.org/I902853133"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27988393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11358","display_name":"Dysphagia Assessment and Management","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3616","display_name":"Speech and Hearing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levodopa","display_name":"Levodopa","score":0.9007833003997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dysarthria","display_name":"Dysarthria","score":0.750725507736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinsons-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":0.7214365005493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.5748078227043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5389218330383301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.5246917605400085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology","display_name":"Audiology","score":0.38869643211364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.2949655055999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.20439711213111877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1384558379650116}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780304432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q300989","display_name":"Levodopa","level":4,"score":0.9007833003997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777639682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225957","display_name":"Dysarthria","level":2,"score":0.750725507736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779734285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11085","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","level":3,"score":0.7214365005493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.5748078227043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5389218330383301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5246917605400085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.38869643211364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2949655055999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20439711213111877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1384558379650116}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000978","descriptor_name":"Antiparkinson Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000978","descriptor_name":"Antiparkinson Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000978","descriptor_name":"Antiparkinson Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000978","descriptor_name":"Antiparkinson Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000978","descriptor_name":"Antiparkinson Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004401","descriptor_name":"Dysarthria","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004401","descriptor_name":"Dysarthria","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004401","descriptor_name":"Dysarthria","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004401","descriptor_name":"Dysarthria","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004401","descriptor_name":"Dysarthria","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007980","descriptor_name":"Levodopa","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007980","descriptor_name":"Levodopa","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007980","descriptor_name":"Levodopa","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007980","descriptor_name":"Levodopa","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007980","descriptor_name":"Levodopa","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014831","descriptor_name":"Voice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014831","descriptor_name":"Voice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014831","descriptor_name":"Voice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014831","descriptor_name":"Voice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014831","descriptor_name":"Voice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340507","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:38083746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38083746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ubaya.ac.id:45604","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.ubaya.ac.id/45604/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402324","display_name":"Ubaya Repository (University of Surabaya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I16413167","host_organization_name":"University of Surabaya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16413167"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497722187","https://openalex.org/W1974509445","https://openalex.org/W2016125416","https://openalex.org/W2029696922","https://openalex.org/W2031157457","https://openalex.org/W2037760741","https://openalex.org/W2104953067","https://openalex.org/W2115659432","https://openalex.org/W2134886133","https://openalex.org/W2162109146","https://openalex.org/W2170517798","https://openalex.org/W2573056035","https://openalex.org/W2748031604","https://openalex.org/W2762852562","https://openalex.org/W2803391869","https://openalex.org/W2896691302","https://openalex.org/W2994086920","https://openalex.org/W2994897229","https://openalex.org/W3139316422","https://openalex.org/W4205466129","https://openalex.org/W4211044101","https://openalex.org/W4282929153","https://openalex.org/W4295308659"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2331173358","https://openalex.org/W2969484279","https://openalex.org/W3160456149","https://openalex.org/W2168872498","https://openalex.org/W4400873482","https://openalex.org/W4239608382","https://openalex.org/W2329762060","https://openalex.org/W2517018229","https://openalex.org/W1980588181","https://openalex.org/W4251809457"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Parkinson's":[0],"disease":[1,6,50],"(PD)":[2],"is":[3,13,31],"a":[4,36,132],"neurological":[5],"identified":[7,140],"by":[8],"multiple":[9],"symptoms,":[10],"and":[11,39,46,70,120,129,155,160,172,204],"levodopa":[12,66,117,207],"one":[14],"of":[15,28,48,65,81,89,93,164,189,194,206],"the":[16,22,26,49,63,87,102,109,124,148,158,175,180,198,202],"most":[17],"effective":[18],"medications":[19],"for":[20,86,177],"treating":[21],"disease.":[23],"To":[24],"determine":[25],"dosage":[27],"levodopa,":[29],"it":[30],"necessary":[32],"to":[33,200],"meet":[34],"on":[35,67,121,142,147,208],"regular":[37],"basis":[38],"observe":[40],"motor":[41],"function.":[42],"The":[43,192],"early":[44],"detection":[45],"progression":[47],"have":[51,60,71,197],"been":[52],"proposed":[53],"using":[54,131],"hypokinetic":[55],"dysarthria.":[56],"However,":[57],"previous":[58],"studies":[59],"not":[61],"examined":[62],"effects":[64],"speech":[68],"rigorously":[69],"provided":[72],"inconsistent":[73],"results.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76,195],"study,":[77],"three":[78],"sustained":[79,110,168],"phonemes":[80,111,169],"PD":[82,114,165,209],"patients":[83,115,166,181],"were":[84,106,126],"investigated":[85,128],"effect":[88,203],"medication.":[90],"A":[91],"set":[92],"features":[94,125,150],"characterizing":[95],"vocal":[96,103],"fold":[97],"dynamics":[98],"as":[99,101],"well":[100],"tract":[104],"coordinators":[105],"extracted":[107],"from":[108,143,151],"/of":[112],"28":[113],"during":[116,167],"medication":[118,141,144],"off":[119,145],"states.":[122],"All":[123],"statistically":[127],"classified":[130],"linear":[133],"discriminant":[134],"analysis":[135],"(LDA)":[136],"classifier.":[137],"LDA":[138],"classifier":[139],"based":[146],"combined":[149],"phoneme":[152],"/a/,":[153,170],"/o/":[154,171],"/m/":[156,173],"with":[157],"accuracy=82.75%":[159],"F1-score=82.18%.":[161],"Voice":[162],"recording":[163],"has":[174],"potential":[176,199],"identifying":[178],"whether":[179],"are":[182],"in":[183],"On":[184],"state":[185,188],"or":[186],"Off":[187],"medication.Clinical":[190],"Relevance-":[191],"outcomes":[193],"study":[196],"monitor":[201],"progress":[205],"patients.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}