{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389538457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340420","title":"Contactless hand tremor amplitude measurement using smartphones: development and pilot evaluation","display_name":"Contactless hand tremor amplitude measurement using smartphones: development and pilot evaluation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389538457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340420","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38083026"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340420","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088323674","display_name":"James Bungay","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James Bungay","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manchester,Department of Computer Science,UK","Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manchester,Department of Computer Science,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018267371","display_name":"Osasenaga Emokpae","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osasenaga Emokpae","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manchester,Department of Computer Science,UK","Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manchester,Department of Computer Science,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066256734","display_name":"Samuel D. Relton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0634-4587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel D. Relton","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leeds,Leeds Institute of Health Sciences,UK","Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds,Leeds Institute of Health Sciences,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059098486","display_name":"Jane Alty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5456-8676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","display_name":"University of Tasmania","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfmeh72","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["AU","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jane Alty","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leeds,University of Tasmania, Australia,UK","University of Tasmania, Australia, University of Leeds, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds,University of Tasmania, Australia,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tasmania, Australia, University of Leeds, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129801699","https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044131792","display_name":"Stefan B. Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9416-5639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799390153","display_name":"Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4dac24","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799390153"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust,UK","Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799390153"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799390153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046565976","display_name":"Hui Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9365-7420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loughborough University,Department of Computer Science,UK","Department of Computer Science, Loughborough University, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loughborough University,Department of Computer Science,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Loughborough University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035842420","display_name":"David Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8117-9193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David C. Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leeds,Leeds Institute of Health Sciences,UK","Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds,Leeds Institute of Health Sciences,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088323674"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0287,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7881107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5720734000205994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.543194591999054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3777807354927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1593056321144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.08737221360206604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5720734000205994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.543194591999054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3777807354927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1593056321144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08737221360206604}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014202","descriptor_name":"Tremor","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014202","descriptor_name":"Tremor","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014202","descriptor_name":"Tremor","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014202","descriptor_name":"Tremor","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014202","descriptor_name":"Tremor","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020329","descriptor_name":"Essential Tremor","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020329","descriptor_name":"Essential Tremor","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020329","descriptor_name":"Essential Tremor","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020329","descriptor_name":"Essential Tremor","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020329","descriptor_name":"Essential Tremor","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340420","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:38083026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38083026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308611","display_name":"Health Research","ror":"https://ror.org/059qgvg50"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015795623","https://openalex.org/W2135267022","https://openalex.org/W2140978740","https://openalex.org/W2141662994","https://openalex.org/W2772897268","https://openalex.org/W2890125175","https://openalex.org/W2903233845","https://openalex.org/W2946549328","https://openalex.org/W2955965122","https://openalex.org/W3022335009","https://openalex.org/W3036954260","https://openalex.org/W3089352489","https://openalex.org/W3102081175","https://openalex.org/W4366773741","https://openalex.org/W6779442434"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W4402327032","https://openalex.org/W2382290278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"-":[1,84,98,231],"Physiological":[2],"tremor":[3,42,93,151,236,247],"is":[4,16,68],"defined":[5],"as":[6],"an":[7],"involuntary":[8],"and":[9,24,27,35,44,62,76,113,167,172,180,208,257],"rhythmic":[10],"shaking.":[11],"Tremor":[12],"of":[13,20,119,143,149,152,164,205,211],"the":[14,111,127,141,144,183,223],"hand":[15,82,92,112,171],"a":[17,52,70,74,87,101,115,191,195,203],"key":[18],"symptom":[19],"multiple":[21],"neurological":[22,259],"diseases,":[23],"its":[25],"frequency":[26,43],"amplitude":[28,45,94,237],"differs":[29],"according":[30],"to":[31,54,85,90,122,190,215,227,254],"both":[32],"disease":[33,36],"type":[34],"progression.":[37],"In":[38,244],"routine":[39],"clinical":[40,71],"practice,":[41],"are":[46,60],"assessed":[47,140],"by":[48],"expert":[49],"rating":[50],"using":[51,146],"0":[53],"4":[55],"integer":[56],"scale.":[57,185],"Such":[58],"ratings":[59],"subjective":[61],"have":[63,233],"poor":[64],"inter-rater":[65],"reliability.":[66],"There":[67],"thus":[69],"need":[72],"for":[73,79],"practical":[75],"accurate":[77],"method":[78,89,145,189,224],"objectively":[80],"assessing":[81],"tremor.Objective":[83],"develop":[86],"proof-of-principle":[88],"measure":[91,134],"from":[95,155,194,213,241],"smartphone":[96,242],"videos.Methods":[97],"We":[99,139,186,232],"created":[100],"computer":[102],"vision":[103],"pipeline":[104],"that":[105,222],"automatically":[106],"extracts":[107],"salient":[108],"points":[109],"on":[110,182],"produces":[114],"1-D":[116],"time":[117],"series":[118],"movement":[120],"due":[121],"tremor,":[123],"in":[124],"pixels.":[125],"Using":[126],"smartphones'":[128],"depth":[129],"measurement,":[130],"we":[131,219],"convert":[132],"this":[133,249],"into":[135],"real":[136],"distance":[137],"units.":[138],"accuracy":[142],"60":[147],"videos":[148],"simulated":[150],"different":[153],"amplitudes":[154],"two":[156],"healthy":[157],"adults.":[158],"Videos":[159],"were":[160],"taken":[161],"at":[162],"distances":[163],"50,":[165],"75":[166],"100":[168],"cm":[169,207],"between":[170],"camera.":[173],"The":[174],"participants":[175],"had":[176],"skin":[177],"tone":[178],"II":[179],"VI":[181],"Fitzpatrick":[184],"compared":[187],"our":[188],"gold-standard":[192],"measurement":[193],"slide":[196],"rule.":[197],"Bland-Altman":[198],"methods":[199],"agreement":[200,212],"analysis":[201],"indicated":[202],"bias":[204],"0.04":[206],"95%":[209],"limits":[210],"-1.27":[214],"1.20":[216],"cm.":[217],"Furthermore,":[218],"qualitatively":[220],"observed":[221],"was":[225],"robust":[226],"limited":[228],"occlusion.Clinical":[229],"relevance":[230],"demonstrated":[234],"how":[235],"can":[238],"be":[239,252],"measured":[240],"videos.":[243],"conjunction":[245],"with":[246],"frequency,":[248],"approach":[250],"could":[251],"used":[253],"help":[255],"diagnose":[256],"monitor":[258],"diseases.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-30T08:08:38.191290","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}