{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389542680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340365","title":"Unsupervised Feature Representation of Sleep EEG Data with Transient Deep Boltzmann Machine <sup>*</sup>","display_name":"Unsupervised Feature Representation of Sleep EEG Data with Transient Deep Boltzmann Machine <sup>*</sup>","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389542680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340365"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340365","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023782535","display_name":"Muhammad Zohaib Hassan Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-5766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Zohaib Hassan Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Lab,Research Center for Augmented Intelligence, Research Institute of Artificial Intelligence,Hangzhou,China,311100"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Lab,Research Center for Augmented Intelligence, Research Institute of Artificial Intelligence,Hangzhou,China,311100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079383514","display_name":"Tengzi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9174-9049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tengzi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Lab,Research Center for Augmented Intelligence, Research Institute of Artificial Intelligence,Hangzhou,China,311100"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Lab,Research Center for Augmented Intelligence, Research Institute of Artificial Intelligence,Hangzhou,China,311100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031787427","display_name":"Yina Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8715-5715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yina Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Lab,Research Center for Augmented Intelligence, Research Institute of Artificial Intelligence,Hangzhou,China,311100"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Lab,Research Center for Augmented Intelligence, Research Institute of Artificial Intelligence,Hangzhou,China,311100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073383772","display_name":"Dongping Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0634-2995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119098","display_name":"Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter","ror":"https://ror.org/02j89k719","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151023","display_name":"Quanzhou Institute of Equipment Manufacturing Haixi Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ev3vr27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151023"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongping Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Lab,Research Center for Augmented Intelligence, Research Institute of Artificial Intelligence,Hangzhou,China,311100","Quanzhou Institute of Equipment Manufacturing, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Quanzhou","Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Lab,Research Center for Augmented Intelligence, Research Institute of Artificial Intelligence,Hangzhou,China,311100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quanzhou Institute of Equipment Manufacturing, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Quanzhou","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151023","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119098","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023782535"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1808,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52037446,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10985","display_name":"Sleep and Wakefulness Research","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7170954942703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.7127615809440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.6202007532119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.6037248969078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.594031572341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5829288363456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5142642855644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.4523322582244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.4519564211368561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.41448497772216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3925226032733917}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7170954942703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.7127615809440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.6202007532119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.6037248969078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.594031572341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5829288363456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5142642855644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4523322582244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.4519564211368561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.41448497772216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3925226032733917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340365","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44815768","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2116064496","https://openalex.org/W2144691514","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2466222258","https://openalex.org/W2539353608","https://openalex.org/W2786672974","https://openalex.org/W2793841943","https://openalex.org/W2905098822","https://openalex.org/W3152633770","https://openalex.org/W3206812283","https://openalex.org/W4212863985","https://openalex.org/W4282567417","https://openalex.org/W4323644174","https://openalex.org/W6748816842"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114217318","https://openalex.org/W2794812819","https://openalex.org/W2587881214","https://openalex.org/W3104072235","https://openalex.org/W3036945320","https://openalex.org/W2370263288","https://openalex.org/W2169311637","https://openalex.org/W4367850163","https://openalex.org/W2395040056","https://openalex.org/W2052339338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,81,102,158],"supervised":[1],"sleep":[2,39,90],"staging":[3],"methods":[4],"are":[5,51,57],"challenged":[6],"by":[7,105],"their":[8],"strict":[9],"requirements":[10],"of":[11,38,79,155,160,168,177],"a":[12,32,97,109],"labelled":[13],"and":[14,69,137,173],"large":[15,98],"dataset.":[16],"This":[17],"study":[18],"considers":[19],"an":[20,74,120],"unsupervised":[21,77],"dimensionality":[22],"reduction":[23],"method,":[24],"the":[25,42,48,54,89,106,143,153,156,161,178],"Deep":[26],"Boltzmann":[27],"Machine":[28],"(DBM),":[29],"trained":[30],"to":[31,64,119],"transient":[33,163],"state":[34,122],"for":[35,76],"binary":[36],"classification":[37,103],"stages.":[40],"First,":[41],"joint":[43],"time-frequency":[44],"domain":[45],"features":[46,56],"from":[47],"polysomnographic":[49],"recordings":[50],"extracted.":[52],"Second,":[53],"extracted":[55],"smoothed":[58],"using":[59],"2":[60],"min":[61],"rolling":[62],"window":[63],"include":[65],"contextual":[66],"temporal":[67],"information,":[68],"finally,":[70],"they":[71],"serve":[72],"as":[73],"input":[75],"training":[78],"DBM_transient.":[80,157],"results":[82],"show":[83],"that":[84],"our":[85],"method":[86,179],"effectively":[87],"separates":[88],"stages":[91],"in":[92,165,170,184],"two-dimensional":[93,171],"feature":[94],"space":[95],"with":[96],"Fisher\u2019s":[99,149],"discriminant":[100,150],"value.":[101],"performance":[104],"DBM_transient":[107],"achieves":[108],"96.1%":[110],"F1":[111],"score,":[112],"which":[113],"is":[114],"higher":[115],"than":[116],"DBM":[117,162],"converged":[118],"equilibrium":[121],"(95.2%),":[123],"Principal":[124],"Component":[125],"Analysis":[126],"(92.5%),":[127],"Isometric":[128],"Feature":[129],"Mapping":[130],"(95.9%),":[131],"t-distributed":[132],"Stochastic":[133],"Neighbor":[134],"Embedding":[135],"(94.9%),":[136],"Uniform":[138],"Manifold":[139],"Approximation":[140],"(95.0%)":[141],"on":[142],"widely":[144],"used":[145],"sleep-EDF":[146],"database.":[147],"Additionally,":[148],"function":[151],"demonstrates":[152],"superiority":[154],"significance":[159],"lies":[164],"its":[166,182],"ease":[167],"interpretability":[169],"space,":[172],"future":[174],"multi-class":[175],"implementation":[176],"may":[180],"facilitate":[181],"usage":[183],"clinical":[185],"applications.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-25T23:11:45.687758","created_date":"2023-12-12T00:00:00"}