{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389542842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340022","title":"ARGO 2.0: a Hybrid NLP/ML Framework for Diagnosis Standardization*","display_name":"ARGO 2.0: a Hybrid NLP/ML Framework for Diagnosis Standardization*","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389542842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340022","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38083100"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340022","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057862519","display_name":"Francesco Berloco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3696-6694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68618741","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Bari","ror":"https://ror.org/03c44v465","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68618741"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Berloco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnic University of Bari,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information (DEI),Bari,Italy,70125"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic University of Bari,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information (DEI),Bari,Italy,70125","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68618741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071782076","display_name":"Sabino Ciavarella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4414-3903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131058","display_name":"Istituto Tumori Bari","ror":"https://ror.org/03jxkz251","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099368","https://openalex.org/I4210117053","https://openalex.org/I4210131058","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabino Ciavarella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto Tumori &#x2018;Giovanni Paolo II&#x2019;,Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit.,Bari,Italy,70124"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Tumori &#x2018;Giovanni Paolo II&#x2019;,Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit.,Bari,Italy,70124","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131058"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024137549","display_name":"Simona Colucci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8774-4816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68618741","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Bari","ror":"https://ror.org/03c44v465","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68618741"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simona Colucci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnic University of Bari,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information (DEI),Bari,Italy,70125"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic University of Bari,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information (DEI),Bari,Italy,70125","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68618741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020385557","display_name":"Luigi Alfredo Grieco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-6924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68618741","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Bari","ror":"https://ror.org/03c44v465","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68618741"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Alfredo Grieco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnic University of Bari,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information (DEI),Bari,Italy,70125"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic University of Bari,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information (DEI),Bari,Italy,70125","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68618741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057952291","display_name":"Attilio Guarini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9304-6651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131058","display_name":"Istituto Tumori Bari","ror":"https://ror.org/03jxkz251","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099368","https://openalex.org/I4210117053","https://openalex.org/I4210131058","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Attilio Guarini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto Tumori &#x2018;Giovanni Paolo II&#x2019;,Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit.,Bari,Italy,70124"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Tumori &#x2018;Giovanni Paolo II&#x2019;,Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit.,Bari,Italy,70124","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131058"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060801603","display_name":"Gian Maria Zaccaria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-5917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68618741","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Bari","ror":"https://ror.org/03c44v465","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68618741"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gian Maria Zaccaria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnic University of Bari,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information (DEI),Bari,Italy,70125"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic University of Bari,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information (DEI),Bari,Italy,70125","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68618741"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057862519"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68618741"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32323317,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2015","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9718999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.862926721572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argo","display_name":"Argo","score":0.8165670037269592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7358392477035522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6266812086105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6198297739028931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-support-system","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","score":0.5659737586975098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4957762658596039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4950944483280182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4576003849506378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-system","display_name":"Decision support system","score":0.3923802971839905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3373016119003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.32999831438064575}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.862926721572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51614570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647931","display_name":"Argo","level":2,"score":0.8165670037269592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7358392477035522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6266812086105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6198297739028931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63527458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133829","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","level":3,"score":0.5659737586975098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4957762658596039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4950944483280182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4576003849506378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.3923802971839905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3373016119003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.32999831438064575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008511","descriptor_name":"Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008511","descriptor_name":"Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008511","descriptor_name":"Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008511","descriptor_name":"Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008511","descriptor_name":"Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340022","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:38083100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38083100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W218702423","https://openalex.org/W1565050238","https://openalex.org/W1982938880","https://openalex.org/W2012560661","https://openalex.org/W2120972688","https://openalex.org/W2139897147","https://openalex.org/W2171409007","https://openalex.org/W2341911351","https://openalex.org/W2418680801","https://openalex.org/W2739304301","https://openalex.org/W2752112201","https://openalex.org/W2884355327","https://openalex.org/W2944434778","https://openalex.org/W2958483756","https://openalex.org/W2991319174","https://openalex.org/W3030599773","https://openalex.org/W3036927603","https://openalex.org/W3037287718","https://openalex.org/W3095407957","https://openalex.org/W3099905215","https://openalex.org/W3101216323","https://openalex.org/W3105712592","https://openalex.org/W4200530571","https://openalex.org/W6716556110"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046929026","https://openalex.org/W2779278343","https://openalex.org/W1996434451","https://openalex.org/W1569026615","https://openalex.org/W2791725133","https://openalex.org/W2338117633","https://openalex.org/W2112831187","https://openalex.org/W2122149485","https://openalex.org/W4232131108","https://openalex.org/W2128124510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,81],"relevant":[1,73],"problem":[2],"in":[3,102,126,139],"medicine":[4],"is":[5,19,95],"the":[6,9,35,38,54,85,168],"standardization":[7,27],"of":[8,40,56,87,134,150,155,160,165],"diagnosis":[10,17,61,101],"associated":[11],"with":[12],"a":[13,42,51,100,103,140,163],"clinical":[14],"case.":[15],"Although":[16],"formulation":[18],"an":[20,135,147,152,157],"intrinsically":[21],"subjective":[22],"and":[23,69,91,114,162,181],"uncertain":[24],"process,":[25],"its":[26,124,131,173],"may":[28],"take":[29],"benefit":[30],"from":[31],"digital":[32],"solutions":[33],"automating":[34],"routines":[36],"at":[37],"basis":[39],"such":[41],"decision.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"work,":[46],"we":[47],"propose":[48],"ARGO":[49,106,144],"2.0:":[50],"framework":[52,64],"for":[53,60],"development":[55],"decision":[57],"support":[58],"systems":[59],"formulation.":[62],"The":[63],"can":[65],"read":[66],"free-text":[67],"reports":[68],"store":[70],"their":[71],"clinically":[72],"information":[74],"as":[75],"personalized":[76],"electronic":[77],"Case":[78],"Report":[79],"Forms.":[80],"hybrid":[82],"strategy,":[83],"exploiting":[84],"synergy":[86],"Natural":[88,178],"Language":[89,179],"Processing":[90,180],"Machine":[92,182],"Learning":[93],"techniques,":[94],"used":[96],"to":[97,111,117],"automatically":[98],"suggest":[99],"standardized":[104],"fashion.":[105],"2.0":[107,145],"has":[108],"been":[109],"designed":[110],"be":[112],"template-independent":[113],"easily":[115],"tailored":[116],"specific":[118],"medical":[119,142],"fields.":[120],"We":[121],"here":[122],"demonstrate":[123],"feasibility":[125],"hemo":[127],"lympho-pathology,":[128],"by":[129],"detailing":[130],"implementation,":[132],"object":[133],"ongoing":[136],"validation":[137],"campaign":[138],"standing":[141],"institute.":[143],"achieved":[146],"average":[148,153,158],"Accuracy":[149],"95.07%,":[151],"precision":[154],"94.85%,":[156],"Recall":[159],"96.31%":[161],"F-Score":[164],"95.32%":[166],"onto":[167],"test":[169],"set,":[170],"outperforming":[171],"both":[172],"embedded":[174],"components,":[175],"based":[176],"on":[177],"Learning.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-03T08:25:01.440150","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
