{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389543276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340008","title":"Transfer Learning with CNN Models for Brain-Machine Interfaces to command lower-limb exoskeletons: A Solution for Limited Data <sup>*</sup>","display_name":"Transfer Learning with CNN Models for Brain-Machine Interfaces to command lower-limb exoskeletons: A Solution for Limited Data <sup>*</sup>","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389543276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340008","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38083615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340008","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034050126","display_name":"Laura Ferrero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2256-757X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111262870","display_name":"Universitat de Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez d'Elx","ror":"https://ror.org/01azzms13","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"L. Ferrero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Miguel Hern&#x00E1;ndez University of Elche,Brain-Machine Interface Systems Lab and at the International Affiliate NSF IUCRC BRAIN Site,Elche,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Miguel Hern&#x00E1;ndez University of Elche,Brain-Machine Interface Systems Lab and at the International Affiliate NSF IUCRC BRAIN Site,Elche,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040034880","display_name":"Vicente Quiles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7000-5390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111262870","display_name":"Universitat de Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez d'Elx","ror":"https://ror.org/01azzms13","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Quiles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Miguel Hern&#x00E1;ndez University of Elche,Brain-Machine Interface Systems Lab and at the International Affiliate NSF IUCRC BRAIN Site,Elche,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Miguel Hern&#x00E1;ndez University of Elche,Brain-Machine Interface Systems Lab and at the International Affiliate NSF IUCRC BRAIN Site,Elche,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013018899","display_name":"Paula Soriano-Segura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7879-4764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111262870","display_name":"Universitat de Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez d'Elx","ror":"https://ror.org/01azzms13","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Soriano-Segura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Miguel Hern&#x00E1;ndez University of Elche,Brain-Machine Interface Systems Lab and at the International Affiliate NSF IUCRC BRAIN Site,Elche,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Miguel Hern&#x00E1;ndez University of Elche,Brain-Machine Interface Systems Lab and at the International Affiliate NSF IUCRC BRAIN Site,Elche,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018409991","display_name":"Mario Ort\u00edz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4269-1554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111262870","display_name":"Universitat de Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez d'Elx","ror":"https://ror.org/01azzms13","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Ortiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Miguel Hern&#x00E1;ndez University of Elche,Brain-Machine Interface Systems Lab and at the International Affiliate NSF IUCRC BRAIN Site,Elche,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Miguel Hern&#x00E1;ndez University of Elche,Brain-Machine Interface Systems Lab and at the International Affiliate NSF IUCRC BRAIN Site,Elche,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024671023","display_name":"Eduardo I\u00e1\u00f1ez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-5952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111262870","display_name":"Universitat de Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez d'Elx","ror":"https://ror.org/01azzms13","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. I\u00e1\u00f1ez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Miguel Hern&#x00E1;ndez University of Elche,Brain-Machine Interface Systems Lab and at the International Affiliate NSF IUCRC BRAIN Site,Elche,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Miguel Hern&#x00E1;ndez University of Elche,Brain-Machine Interface Systems Lab and at the International Affiliate NSF IUCRC BRAIN Site,Elche,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028200774","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 L. Contreras-Vidal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6499-1208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802964274","display_name":"Interface (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04nvtmr42","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802964274"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.L. Contreras-Vidal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Houston,Laboratory for Non-Invasive Brain Machine Interface Systems, and Director of the NSF IUCRC BRAIN,Houston,TX,United States of America,77004"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Houston,Laboratory for Non-Invasive Brain Machine Interface Systems, and Director of the NSF IUCRC BRAIN,Houston,TX,United States of America,77004","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802964274","https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024891438","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 M. Azor\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5548-9657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111262870","display_name":"Universitat de Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez d'Elx","ror":"https://ror.org/01azzms13","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. M. Azor\u00edn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Miguel Hern&#x00E1;ndez University of Elche,Brain-Machine Interface Systems Lab and at the International Affiliate NSF IUCRC BRAIN Site,Elche,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Miguel Hern&#x00E1;ndez University of Elche,Brain-Machine Interface Systems Lab and at the International Affiliate NSF IUCRC BRAIN Site,Elche,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034050126"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5431,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65475017,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoskeleton","display_name":"Exoskeleton","score":0.9579430818557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.7497559189796448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7412534952163696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.6533693075180054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.6491497159004211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6464338302612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6063277125358582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.5520966053009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5126411318778992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4772741198539734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4320119023323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.28666141629219055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.18193674087524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.13519781827926636}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.9579430818557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.7497559189796448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7412534952163696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.6533693075180054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.6491497159004211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6464338302612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6063277125358582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.5520966053009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5126411318778992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4772741198539734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4320119023323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.28666141629219055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.18193674087524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.13519781827926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000067190","descriptor_name":"Exoskeleton Device","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000067190","descriptor_name":"Exoskeleton Device","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000067190","descriptor_name":"Exoskeleton Device","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000067190","descriptor_name":"Exoskeleton Device","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000067190","descriptor_name":"Exoskeleton Device","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340008","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:38083615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38083615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969878365","https://openalex.org/W2103032521","https://openalex.org/W2531170674","https://openalex.org/W2559463885","https://openalex.org/W2741907166","https://openalex.org/W2790471600","https://openalex.org/W2915893085","https://openalex.org/W2924079966","https://openalex.org/W2980161757","https://openalex.org/W3102455230","https://openalex.org/W3103616911","https://openalex.org/W3157797700","https://openalex.org/W3204693088"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977940006","https://openalex.org/W2947925238","https://openalex.org/W2887556756","https://openalex.org/W195417223","https://openalex.org/W2951110009","https://openalex.org/W1513407214","https://openalex.org/W1984377984","https://openalex.org/W2510077457","https://openalex.org/W1961545574","https://openalex.org/W3045772920"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,146],"study":[1],"evaluates":[2],"the":[3,36,88,96],"performance":[4],"of":[5,38,64,90,98,140],"two":[6],"convolutional":[7],"neural":[8,101,149],"networks":[9],"(CNNs)":[10],"in":[11,95,129,153],"a":[12,23,31,77,105,112],"brain-machine":[13],"interface":[14],"(BMI)":[15],"based":[16,107],"on":[17,49,108],"motor":[18,134],"imagery":[19],"(MI)":[20],"by":[21,46,119,136],"using":[22,137],"small":[24],"dataset":[25],"collected":[26],"from":[27,52],"five":[28],"participants":[29],"wearing":[30],"lower-limb":[32,113],"exoskeleton.":[33],"To":[34],"address":[35],"issue":[37],"limited":[39],"data":[40],"availability,":[41],"transfer":[42,93],"learning":[43,94],"was":[44,74],"employed":[45],"training":[47],"models":[48],"EEG":[50],"signals":[51],"other":[53],"subjects":[54],"and":[55,69,92,151],"subsequently":[56],"fine-tuning":[57],"them":[58],"to":[59,86,110,142],"specific":[60],"users.":[61],"A":[62],"combination":[63],"common":[65],"spatial":[66],"patterns":[67],"(CSP)":[68],"linear":[70],"discriminant":[71],"analysis":[72],"(LDA)":[73],"used":[75,118,128],"as":[76],"benchmark":[78],"for":[79,104,131],"comparison.":[80],"The":[81],"study's":[82],"primary":[83],"aim":[84],"is":[85],"examine":[87],"potential":[89],"CNNs":[91],"development":[97],"an":[99],"automatic":[100],"classification":[102],"system":[103],"BMI":[106,125],"MI":[109],"command":[111],"exoskeleton":[114],"that":[115],"can":[116,126,147],"be":[117,127],"individuals":[120],"without":[121],"specialized":[122],"training.Clinical":[123],"Relevance-":[124],"rehabilitation":[130],"patients":[132],"with":[133],"impairment":[135],"mental":[138],"simulation":[139],"movement":[141],"activate":[143],"robotic":[144],"exoskeletons.":[145],"promote":[148],"plasticity":[150],"aid":[152],"recovery.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}