{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389542550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10339998","title":"Time-Frequency Fragment Selection for Disease Detection from Imbalanced Phonocardiogram Data","display_name":"Time-Frequency Fragment Selection for Disease Detection from Imbalanced Phonocardiogram Data","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389542550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10339998","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38082884"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10339998","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10339998","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082292709","display_name":"Arnab Maity","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1527-8593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arnab Maity","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur,Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering,Kharagpur,India","Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur,Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering,Kharagpur,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069790572","display_name":"Goutam Saha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6187-1684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Goutam Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur,Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering,Kharagpur,India","Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur,Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering,Kharagpur,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082292709"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7576,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76733999,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonocardiogram","display_name":"Phonocardiogram","score":0.9082298278808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7696731090545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.5939750075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5398802757263184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49790096282958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.46944093704223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.4479238986968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3534504175186157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33347460627555847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3236270248889923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159693508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3301075","display_name":"Phonocardiogram","level":2,"score":0.9082298278808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7696731090545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.5939750075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5398802757263184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49790096282958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.46944093704223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.4479238986968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3534504175186157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33347460627555847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3236270248889923}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006347","descriptor_name":"Heart Sounds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006347","descriptor_name":"Heart Sounds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006347","descriptor_name":"Heart Sounds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006347","descriptor_name":"Heart Sounds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006347","descriptor_name":"Heart Sounds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010701","descriptor_name":"Phonocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010701","descriptor_name":"Phonocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010701","descriptor_name":"Phonocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010701","descriptor_name":"Phonocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010701","descriptor_name":"Phonocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10339998","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10339998","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:38082884","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38082884","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1897395150","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2557139718","https://openalex.org/W2904987247","https://openalex.org/W2966145183","https://openalex.org/W2972379150","https://openalex.org/W2979158918","https://openalex.org/W3003982335","https://openalex.org/W3037146579","https://openalex.org/W3044259016","https://openalex.org/W3082319384","https://openalex.org/W3094550259","https://openalex.org/W3135420375","https://openalex.org/W4205561942","https://openalex.org/W4221082332","https://openalex.org/W4294975358","https://openalex.org/W4301132610","https://openalex.org/W4327955618"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W2888392564","https://openalex.org/W2387004671","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W4388422664","https://openalex.org/W4390569940","https://openalex.org/W4361193272","https://openalex.org/W2963326959","https://openalex.org/W2163299290","https://openalex.org/W4388685194"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cardiovascular":[0],"disease":[1,8,50],"(CVD)":[2],"has":[3,84,182],"become":[4],"the":[5,13,41,53,76,81,89,123,149,160,169,173,183],"most":[6],"concerning":[7],"worldwide.":[9],"A":[10],"Phonocardiogram":[11],"(PCG),":[12],"graphical":[14],"representation":[15],"of":[16,60,125,135,157,172],"heart":[17,179,188],"sound,":[18],"is":[19,78],"a":[20,57,64,85,111,117],"non-invasive":[21],"method":[22,55,115,151],"that":[23],"helps":[24],"to":[25,44,99,121,148,185],"detect":[26],"CVD":[27],"by":[28],"analyzing":[29],"its":[30],"characteristics.":[31],"Several":[32],"machine":[33],"learning":[34],"(ML)":[35],"approaches":[36],"have":[37],"been":[38],"proposed":[39,131],"in":[40,47,75,190],"last":[42],"decade":[43],"assist":[45],"practitioners":[46],"interpreting":[48],"this":[49],"accurately.":[51],"However,":[52],"ML-based":[54],"requires":[56],"considerable":[58],"amount":[59],"PCG":[61,73,145],"data":[62,67,74,95,126,191],"with":[63,105,116],"balance":[65],"between":[66,88],"categories":[68],"for":[69,141,178,187],"unbiased":[70],"performance.":[71],"Moreover,":[72],"literature":[77],"scarce,":[79],"and":[80,91,128,152,181],"available":[82],"database":[83],"strong":[86],"imbalance":[87,96],"normal":[90],"abnormal":[92],"categories.":[93],"This":[94,108],"causes":[97],"outcomes":[98],"be":[100],"severely":[101],"biased":[102],"towards":[103],"classes":[104],"greater":[106],"samples.":[107],"work":[109,174],"proposes":[110],"variable-hop":[112],"fragment":[113],"selection":[114],"pre-trained":[118],"CNN":[119],"model":[120],"counter":[122],"issues":[124],"scarcity":[127],"imbalance.":[129],"The":[130,165],"framework":[132],"improves":[133],"7.12%":[134],"unweighted":[136],"average":[137],"recall":[138],"(UAR)":[139],"value":[140],"assessing":[142],"an":[143,154],"imbalanced":[144],"dataset":[146],"compared":[147],"state-of-the-art":[150],"reports":[153],"overall":[155],"UAR":[156],"92.46%":[158],"on":[159],"PhysioNet/CinC":[161],"Challenge":[162],"2016":[163],"dataset.":[164],"improved":[166],"performance":[167],"signifies":[168],"clinical":[170],"relevance":[171],"providing":[175],"reliable":[176],"assistance":[177],"auscultation":[180],"potential":[184],"screen":[186],"pathologies":[189],"constraint":[192],"applications.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}