{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2979789044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8857468","title":"Deep Learning Classification Models Built with Two-step Transfer Learning for Age Related Macular Degeneration Diagnosis","display_name":"Deep Learning Classification Models Built with Two-step Transfer Learning for Age Related Macular Degeneration Diagnosis","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2979789044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8857468","mag":"2979789044","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31946304"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8857468","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8857468","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032293652","display_name":"Guangzhou An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0875-4494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165842","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics","ror":"https://ror.org/05vmjks78","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210165842"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guangzhou An","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, JAPAN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081776983","display_name":"Masahiro Ak\u00efba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2735-5763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165842","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics","ror":"https://ror.org/05vmjks78","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210165842"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masahiro Akiba","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, JAPAN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014175129","display_name":"Hideo Yokota","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1395-309X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165842","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics","ror":"https://ror.org/05vmjks78","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210165842"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hideo Yokota","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, JAPAN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020906317","display_name":"Naohiro Motozawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116810","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/023rffy11","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210116810"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naohiro Motozawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, JAPAN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034787394","display_name":"Seiji Takagi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6267-1641"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seiji Takagi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, JAPAN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, JAPAN","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038473974","display_name":"Michiko Mandai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9174-2664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116810","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/023rffy11","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210116810"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michiko Mandai","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, JAPAN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072451434","display_name":"Shohei Kitahata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0497-4481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116810","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/023rffy11","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210116810"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shohei Kitahata","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, JAPAN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110642523","display_name":"Yasukiko Hirami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116810","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/023rffy11","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210116810"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasukiko Hirami","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, JAPAN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030655388","display_name":"Masayo Takahashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1836-6484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116810","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/023rffy11","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210116810"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masayo Takahashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, JAPAN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116810"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044565334","display_name":"Yasuo Kurimoto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116810","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/023rffy11","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210116810"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasuo Kurimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, JAPAN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032293652"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165842"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.524,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8313242,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":null,"first_page":"2049","last_page":"2052"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12599","display_name":"Retinal and Optic Conditions","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7513598203659058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-coherence-tomography","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","score":0.7477551698684692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macular-degeneration","display_name":"Macular degeneration","score":0.7264138460159302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.6278849840164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.5832633972167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5809938907623291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5516364574432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46394822001457214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.3069233000278473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.27093642950057983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2647680640220642}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7513598203659058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899552","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","level":2,"score":0.7477551698684692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776403814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27429789","display_name":"Macular degeneration","level":2,"score":0.7264138460159302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.6278849840164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.5832633972167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5809938907623291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5516364574432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46394822001457214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.3069233000278473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.27093642950057983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2647680640220642}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008268","descriptor_name":"Macular Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008268","descriptor_name":"Macular Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008268","descriptor_name":"Macular Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008268","descriptor_name":"Macular Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008268","descriptor_name":"Macular Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008268","descriptor_name":"Macular Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D041623","descriptor_name":"Tomography, Optical Coherence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D041623","descriptor_name":"Tomography, Optical Coherence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D041623","descriptor_name":"Tomography, Optical Coherence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8857468","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8857468","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:31946304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31946304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19621276","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1996047957","https://openalex.org/W2007014682","https://openalex.org/W2042321005","https://openalex.org/W2069110097","https://openalex.org/W2462339036","https://openalex.org/W2463187181","https://openalex.org/W2589074029","https://openalex.org/W2616247523","https://openalex.org/W2758333670","https://openalex.org/W2768217608","https://openalex.org/W2886281300","https://openalex.org/W2886801379","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W4211240637","https://openalex.org/W6600828528","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6712471700","https://openalex.org/W6719079608"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308993413","https://openalex.org/W4206357785","https://openalex.org/W4281381188","https://openalex.org/W3192840557","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W4375928479","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3023427754","https://openalex.org/W3131673289","https://openalex.org/W3198847674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"objective":[1],"of":[2,48,56,105,168,209],"this":[3,35],"study":[4],"was":[5,99,132,160,244],"to":[6,17,101,107,135,164,235],"build":[7,108],"deep":[8,109],"learning":[9,110],"models":[10,115,253,266],"with":[11,27,50,79,142,170,189,206,218,225,246,260],"optical":[12],"coherence":[13],"tomography":[14],"(OCT)":[15],"images":[16,40,47,70,78,84,106,167,186],"classify":[18,136,236],"normal":[19,38,43,69,73,137,182],"and":[20,29,52,81,138,183,198,212,221,264,273],"age":[21],"related":[22],"macular":[23],"degeneration":[24],"(AMD),":[25],"AMD":[26,30,49,57,62,76,83,90,141,169,184,205,213,255],"fluid,":[28,51,211],"without":[31,58,85,145,175,214],"any":[32,86,146,176,210],"fluid.":[33,147,177],"In":[34,121],"study,":[36],"185":[37],"OCT":[39,46,54,77,185],"from":[41,60,71,88,172],"49":[42,68],"subjects,":[44],"535":[45],"514":[53],"mages":[55],"fluid":[59,80,87,143,171,215],"120":[61],"eyes":[63,91],"as":[64,92],"training":[65],"data,":[66,94],"while":[67],"25":[72],"eyes,":[74],"188":[75],"154":[82],"77":[89],"test":[93],"were":[95,116,187,216,258],"enrolled.":[96],"Data":[97],"augmentation":[98],"applied":[100],"increase":[102],"the":[103,122,150,153,157,166,173,179,202,207,237,270],"number":[104],"models.":[111],"Totally,":[112],"two":[113,119,251],"classification":[114,242,252,262],"built":[117,259],"in":[118,149,156],"steps.":[120],"first":[123,158,180],"step,":[124,152],"a":[125,226],"VGG16":[126,229],"model":[127,155,230],"pre-trained":[128,231],"on":[129,232],"ImageNet":[130,233],"dataset":[131],"transfer":[133,161,227],"learned":[134,162,228],"AMD,":[139],"including":[140],"and/or":[144],"Then,":[148],"second":[151,203],"fine-tuned":[154],"step":[159],"again":[163],"distinguish":[165],"ones":[174],"With":[178,201],"model,":[181,204],"classified":[188,217],"0.999":[190],"area":[191],"under":[192],"receiver":[193],"operating":[194],"characteristic":[195],"curve":[196],"(AUC),":[197],"99.2%":[199],"accuracy.":[200,223],"presence":[208],"0.992":[219],"AUC,":[220],"95.1%":[222],"Compared":[224],"dataset,":[234],"three":[238],"categories":[239],"directly,":[240],"higher":[241],"performance":[243],"achieved":[245],"our":[247],"notable":[248],"approach.":[249],"Conclusively,":[250],"for":[254,275],"clinical":[256],"practice":[257],"high":[261],"performance,":[263],"these":[265],"should":[267],"help":[268],"improve":[269],"early":[271],"diagnosis":[272],"treatment":[274],"AMD.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
