{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2979596786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8857120","title":"The Complexity of Dreams: a Multiscale Entropy Study on Cardiovascular Variability Series","display_name":"The Complexity of Dreams: a Multiscale Entropy Study on Cardiovascular Variability Series","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2979596786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8857120","mag":"2979596786","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31946296"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8857120","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8857120","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089812005","display_name":"M. Nardelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0453-7465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Nardelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013623318","display_name":"Ugo Faraguna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4814-7218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U. Faraguna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069284720","display_name":"G. Grandi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126460","display_name":"Fondazione Stella Maris","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ez808","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126460","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Grandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105707347","display_name":"R.M. Bruno","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.M. Bruno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041459422","display_name":"Gaetano Valenza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6574-1879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Valenza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007174065","display_name":"Enzo Pasquale Scilingo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2588-4917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E.P. Scilingo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089812005"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4864,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63458489,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":null,"first_page":"2015","last_page":"2018"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10985","display_name":"Sleep and Wakefulness Research","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10985","display_name":"Sleep and Wakefulness Research","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dream","display_name":"Dream","score":0.6534796357154846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-entropy","display_name":"Sample entropy","score":0.6101179718971252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.6003206372261047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.577690601348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.506636917591095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4764314591884613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.471189022064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.34740543365478516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.2928048074245453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2916140556335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.2088339626789093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.20543783903121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.2043488621711731}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781095916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36348","display_name":"Dream","level":2,"score":0.6534796357154846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66696666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105612","display_name":"Sample entropy","level":3,"score":0.6101179718971252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.6003206372261047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.577690601348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.506636917591095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4764314591884613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.471189022064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.34740543365478516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2928048074245453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2916140556335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.2088339626789093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.20543783903121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2043488621711731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004325","descriptor_name":"Dreams","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004325","descriptor_name":"Dreams","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004325","descriptor_name":"Dreams","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011939","descriptor_name":"Mental Recall","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011939","descriptor_name":"Mental Recall","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011939","descriptor_name":"Mental Recall","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012895","descriptor_name":"Sleep, REM","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012895","descriptor_name":"Sleep, REM","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012895","descriptor_name":"Sleep, REM","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8857120","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8857120","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:31946296","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31946296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1026571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11568/1026571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577581905","https://openalex.org/W1799123644","https://openalex.org/W1862394037","https://openalex.org/W1971355925","https://openalex.org/W1972385866","https://openalex.org/W1975476104","https://openalex.org/W1988752724","https://openalex.org/W2037111028","https://openalex.org/W2037790534","https://openalex.org/W2070051876","https://openalex.org/W2077247546","https://openalex.org/W2087361786","https://openalex.org/W2108350279","https://openalex.org/W2114574215","https://openalex.org/W2115235491","https://openalex.org/W2115235910","https://openalex.org/W2162273778","https://openalex.org/W2164104048","https://openalex.org/W2167383580","https://openalex.org/W2273310283","https://openalex.org/W2295754009","https://openalex.org/W2508285469","https://openalex.org/W2773805362","https://openalex.org/W2789859202","https://openalex.org/W2794596256","https://openalex.org/W2810302362","https://openalex.org/W2883803424","https://openalex.org/W2902424098","https://openalex.org/W3105474450","https://openalex.org/W6749963091"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W3139398056","https://openalex.org/W2790408659","https://openalex.org/W3164231785","https://openalex.org/W2997155287","https://openalex.org/W1555887112","https://openalex.org/W2185033944","https://openalex.org/W2947230479","https://openalex.org/W1959815362","https://openalex.org/W2977575336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Uncovering":[0],"the":[1,9,35,65,72,101],"physiological":[2],"correlates":[3],"of":[4,8,13,76,81],"dreams":[5],"is":[6,121],"one":[7],"most":[10],"ambitious":[11],"aim":[12],"multidisciplinary":[14],"neuroscientific":[15],"research.":[16],"Here":[17],"we":[18],"investigated":[19],"Autonomic":[20],"Nervous":[21],"System":[22],"(ANS)":[23],"dynamics":[24],"associated":[25,122],"with":[26,30,67,123],"a":[27,31,68,104,117,124],"dream":[28,69,77],"recall,":[29],"particular":[32],"focus":[33],"on":[34,38,109],"complexity":[36,106,120],"assessment":[37],"cardiovascular":[39,82,119],"control.":[40],"We":[41],"recorded":[42],"electrocardiogram":[43],"and":[44,71,112],"arterial":[45],"blood":[46],"pressure":[47],"signals":[48],"from":[49],"eight":[50],"healthy":[51],"subjects":[52],"during":[53],"rapid-eye-movement":[54],"sleep":[55],"before":[56],"awakenings.":[57],"Recordings":[58],"were":[59],"then":[60],"split":[61],"into":[62],"two":[63],"groups:":[64],"ones":[66,73],"experience,":[70],"without":[74],"recall":[75],"experiences.":[78],"The":[79],"randomness":[80],"variability":[83],"series":[84],"was":[85],"assessed":[86],"through":[87],"Sample":[88],"Entropy":[89,111,114],"metrics,":[90],"which":[91],"did":[92],"not":[93],"show":[94],"any":[95],"statistical":[96],"difference":[97],"between":[98],"groups.":[99],"On":[100],"other":[102],"hand,":[103],"multiscale":[105],"analysis":[107],"based":[108],"Distribution":[110],"Fuzzy":[113],"revealed":[115],"that":[116],"higher":[118],"dreaming":[125],"experience.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
