{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2979987390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8857097","title":"Sleep/wake classification via remote PPG signals","display_name":"Sleep/wake classification via remote PPG signals","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2979987390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8857097","mag":"2979987390","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31946573"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8857097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8857097","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100692586","display_name":"Yawen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2935-6089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yawen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050358434","display_name":"Masanori Tsujikawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347220","display_name":"NEC (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/04jndar25","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347220"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masanori Tsujikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometrics Research Laboratories, NEC Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics Research Laboratories, NEC Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347220"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084335268","display_name":"Yoshifumi Onishi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6314-718X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347220","display_name":"NEC (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/04jndar25","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347220"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshifumi Onishi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometrics Research Laboratories, NEC Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics Research Laboratories, NEC Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347220"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":null,"first_page":"3226","last_page":"3230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.9003056287765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7753490805625916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6621072292327881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.659166693687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5488366484642029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.5416527390480042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.5062640905380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5015206336975098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.4375988841056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4026898145675659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.11186850070953369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.07058024406433105}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.9003056287765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7753490805625916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6621072292327881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.659166693687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5488366484642029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.5416527390480042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5062640905380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5015206336975098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.4375988841056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4026898145675659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.11186850070953369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.07058024406433105}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010829","descriptor_name":"Physiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010829","descriptor_name":"Physiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010829","descriptor_name":"Physiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012890","descriptor_name":"Sleep","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012890","descriptor_name":"Sleep","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012890","descriptor_name":"Sleep","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8857097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8857097","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:31946573","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31946573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-101476","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-101476","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ust.hk:1783.1-101476","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://lbdiscover.ust.hk/uresolver?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/HKUST:SPI&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1557-170X&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.date=2019&rft.spage=3226&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=&rft.atitle=Sleep%2Fwake+classification+via+remote+PPG+signals&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Annual+International+Conference+of+the+IEEE+Engineering+in+Medicine+and+Biology+Society%2C+EMBS","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996969686","https://openalex.org/W2055483942","https://openalex.org/W2128585298","https://openalex.org/W2316139099","https://openalex.org/W2429031554","https://openalex.org/W2591376215","https://openalex.org/W2801411683","https://openalex.org/W2884772468","https://openalex.org/W2899198076","https://openalex.org/W2910005613","https://openalex.org/W2947763076","https://openalex.org/W3101796369"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297152434","https://openalex.org/W2732360296","https://openalex.org/W1994871954","https://openalex.org/W2072858761","https://openalex.org/W4200107443","https://openalex.org/W4239033438","https://openalex.org/W1540261775","https://openalex.org/W1968279762","https://openalex.org/W4205793574","https://openalex.org/W4225612652"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,54,99],"remote":[4,30,49],"sleep/wake":[5],"classification":[6],"method":[7],"by":[8],"combining":[9],"vision-based":[10],"heart":[11],"rate":[12],"(HR)":[13],"estimation":[14],"and":[15],"convolutional":[16],"neural":[17],"network":[18],"(CNN).":[19],"Instead":[20],"of":[21],"inputting":[22],"the":[23,42,48,62,72,78,81,93],"estimated":[24],"HR":[25,37,56,64,97],"with":[26,71],"low":[27],"temporal":[28],"resolution,":[29],"PPG":[31,50],"(Photoplethysmogram)":[32],"signals,":[33,51],"which":[34,75,87],"contain":[35],"high-temporal-resolution":[36],"information,":[38],"are":[39],"input":[40],"into":[41],"CNN.":[43],"To":[44],"reduce":[45],"noise":[46],"in":[47,69],"we":[52],"propose":[53],"dynamic":[55,63],"filter.":[57],"Evaluation":[58],"results":[59],"show":[60],"that":[61],"filter":[65],"works":[66],"more":[67],"effectively":[68],"comparison":[70],"static":[73],"filter,":[74],"helps":[76],"improve":[77],"area":[79],"under":[80],"ROC":[82],"curve":[83],"(AUC)":[84],"to":[85],"0.70,":[86],"is":[88],"almost":[89],"as":[90,92],"good":[91],"reference":[94],"0.71":[95],"for":[96],"from":[98],"wearable":[100],"sensor.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}