{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2979539812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856748","title":"Using Soft Attention Mechanisms to Classify Heart Sounds","display_name":"Using Soft Attention Mechanisms to Classify Heart Sounds","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2979539812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856748","mag":"2979539812","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31947371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8856748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856748","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048091232","display_name":"Jorge Oliveira","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471","https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023172800","display_name":"Diogo Marcelo Nogueira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2776-900X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83863532","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/04988re48","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83863532"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738089","display_name":"Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/04h7zpy51","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4392738089","https://openalex.org/I83863532"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcelo Nogueira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83863532","https://openalex.org/I4392738089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085207974","display_name":"Cleber Ramos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cleber Ramos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471","https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057294055","display_name":"Francesco Renna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Renna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471","https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101665805","display_name":"Carlos Ferreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2761-0430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83863532","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/04988re48","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83863532"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738089","display_name":"Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/04h7zpy51","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4392738089","https://openalex.org/I83863532"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83863532","https://openalex.org/I4392738089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038594477","display_name":"Miguel Coimbra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7501-6523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Coimbra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471","https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048091232"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213","https://openalex.org/I4210120471"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3458,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66233644,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"133","issue":null,"first_page":"6669","last_page":"6672"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9775999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14319","display_name":"Currency Recognition and Detection","score":0.9603000283241272,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8327527642250061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.6886604428291321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.593767523765564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.5788673758506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.571091890335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5451658368110657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.4928307831287384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4810390770435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.44058868288993835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4300505816936493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-sounds","display_name":"Heart sounds","score":0.4215508997440338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3289210796356201}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8327527642250061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.6886604428291321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.593767523765564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5788673758506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.571091890335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5451658368110657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.4928307831287384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4810390770435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.44058868288993835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4300505816936493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779435589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967103","display_name":"Heart sounds","level":2,"score":0.4215508997440338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3289210796356201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006326","descriptor_name":"Heart Auscultation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006326","descriptor_name":"Heart Auscultation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006326","descriptor_name":"Heart Auscultation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006347","descriptor_name":"Heart Sounds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006347","descriptor_name":"Heart Sounds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006347","descriptor_name":"Heart Sounds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014793","descriptor_name":"Visual Cortex","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014793","descriptor_name":"Visual Cortex","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014793","descriptor_name":"Visual Cortex","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8856748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856748","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:31947371","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31947371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514535095","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W2196906371","https://openalex.org/W2301158262","https://openalex.org/W2557139718","https://openalex.org/W2580792129","https://openalex.org/W2593532750","https://openalex.org/W2804483946","https://openalex.org/W2950178297","https://openalex.org/W2962948887","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W3023508701","https://openalex.org/W3039239850","https://openalex.org/W3122178585","https://openalex.org/W3194616748","https://openalex.org/W6630875275","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6676550427","https://openalex.org/W6741584875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2329500892","https://openalex.org/W28991112","https://openalex.org/W2370726991","https://openalex.org/W2032233321","https://openalex.org/W3121970507","https://openalex.org/W2110028391","https://openalex.org/W54497855","https://openalex.org/W2068608913","https://openalex.org/W2369710579","https://openalex.org/W217960748"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"soft":[1,114],"attention":[2,115],"mechanisms":[3,116],"have":[4],"been":[5],"successfully":[6,130],"used":[7],"in":[8,42,82],"a":[9,33,43,57,89,110,152],"wide":[10],"variety":[11],"of":[12,18,32,61,103],"applications":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15],"the":[16,29,40,62,67,92,95,101,124,127],"generation":[17],"image":[19],"captions,":[20],"text":[21],"translation,":[22],"etc.":[23],"This":[24],"mechanism":[25],"attempts":[26],"to":[27,87,94],"mimic":[28],"visual":[30,93],"cortex":[31],"human":[34,68],"brain":[35,69],"by":[36,47],"not":[37],"analyzing":[38],"all":[39],"objects":[41],"scene":[44,97],"equally,":[45],"but":[46],"looking":[48],"for":[49,155],"clues":[50],"(or":[51],"salient":[52],"features)":[53],"which":[54],"might":[55],"give":[56],"more":[58,73],"compact":[59],"representation":[60],"environment.":[63],"In":[64],"doing":[65],"so,":[66,109],"can":[70,129],"process":[71],"information":[72],"quickly":[74],"and":[75,117,138,149],"without":[76],"overloading.":[77],"Having":[78],"learned":[79],"this":[80,83],"lesson,":[81],"paper,":[84],"we":[85],"try":[86],"make":[88],"bridge":[90],"from":[91],"audio":[96,134],"classification":[98,102,147],"problem,":[99],"namely":[100],"heart":[104,141],"sound":[105,142],"signals.":[106],"To":[107],"do":[108],"novel":[111],"approach":[112],"merging":[113],"recurrent":[118],"neural":[119],"nets":[120],"is":[121],"proposed.":[122],"Using":[123],"proposed":[125],"methodology,":[126],"algorithm":[128],"learn":[131],"automatically":[132],"significant":[133],"segments":[135],"when":[136],"detecting":[137],"classifying":[139],"abnormal":[140],"signals,":[143],"both":[144],"improving":[145],"these":[146],"results":[148],"somehow":[150],"creating":[151],"simple":[153],"justification":[154],"them.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
