{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2980209210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856636","title":"Tournament Based Ranking CNN for the Cataract grading","display_name":"Tournament Based Ranking CNN for the Cataract grading","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2980209210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856636","mag":"2980209210","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31946209"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8856636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856636","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032712170","display_name":"Dohyeun kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dohyeun kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, ETRI, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","School of Computing, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, ETRI, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046171235","display_name":"Tae Joon Jun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6808-5149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tae Joon Jun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054055304","display_name":"Youngsub Eom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9475-4409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngsub Eom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology Korea, University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology Korea, University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008387064","display_name":"Cherry Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3361-5496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cherry Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cherry Kim is with Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cherry Kim is with Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100412739","display_name":"Daeyoung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7960-5955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daeyoung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, ETRI, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","School of Computing, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, ETRI, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":null,"first_page":"1630","last_page":"1636"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7335405349731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6961753964424133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6445915699005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6313899159431458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tournament","display_name":"Tournament","score":0.5782865285873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.49033069610595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.481515496969223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.4732899069786072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ordinal-regression","display_name":"Ordinal regression","score":0.4304129481315613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3786962628364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.2103675901889801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14743980765342712}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7335405349731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6961753964424133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6445915699005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6313899159431458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136975688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320634","display_name":"Tournament","level":2,"score":0.5782865285873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.49033069610595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.481515496969223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.4732899069786072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110313322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100793","display_name":"Ordinal regression","level":2,"score":0.4304129481315613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3786962628364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.2103675901889801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14743980765342712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002386","descriptor_name":"Cataract","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002386","descriptor_name":"Cataract","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002386","descriptor_name":"Cataract","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8856636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856636","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:31946209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31946209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W195334049","https://openalex.org/W1558543607","https://openalex.org/W1897657709","https://openalex.org/W2099989407","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2198235674","https://openalex.org/W2253429366","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2596556980","https://openalex.org/W2748140016","https://openalex.org/W2771244736","https://openalex.org/W2803621208","https://openalex.org/W2963547465","https://openalex.org/W6751901508"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2951933385","https://openalex.org/W190274399","https://openalex.org/W3121108812","https://openalex.org/W3139434641","https://openalex.org/W3151498429","https://openalex.org/W2161148151","https://openalex.org/W2159529145","https://openalex.org/W3202613528","https://openalex.org/W2588697213","https://openalex.org/W2536219787"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Solving":[0],"the":[1,9,20,36,50],"classification":[2],"problem,":[3],"unbalanced":[4],"number":[5,26,64,209],"of":[6,27,65,73,83,87,99,135,141,171,210],"dataset":[7,66,230],"among":[8,212],"classes":[10,18,22,116],"often":[11],"causes":[12],"performance":[13,33,111],"degradation.":[14],"Especially":[15],"when":[16,43,133],"some":[17],"dominate":[19],"other":[21],"with":[23,52,186,207],"its":[24],"large":[25],"datasets,":[28],"trained":[29],"model":[30,168],"shows":[31,109],"low":[32],"in":[34,63,79,113,124,156],"identifying":[35,81,114],"dominated":[37,115],"classes.":[38,126],"This":[39],"is":[40,56,77,147,197],"common":[41],"case":[42,51,69],"it":[44],"comes":[45],"to":[46,149,200,219,226],"medical":[47,84,150,220],"dataset.":[48],"Because":[49],"a":[53,192],"serious":[54],"degree":[55],"not":[57],"quite":[58],"usual,":[59],"there":[60,76],"are":[61],"imbalance":[62],"between":[67,89],"severe":[68],"and":[70,159,184,228],"normal":[71],"cases":[72],"diseases.":[74],"Also,":[75],"difficulty":[78],"precisely":[80],"grade":[82],"data":[85,211],"because":[86],"vagueness":[88],"them.":[90],"To":[91],"solve":[92],"these":[93],"problems,":[94],"we":[95],"propose":[96],"new":[97],"architecture":[98],"convolutional":[100],"neural":[101,144],"network":[102,145],"named":[103],"Tournament":[104],"based":[105],"Ranking":[106,136,176],"CNN":[107,137,177,185],"which":[108,203,222],"remarkable":[110],"gain":[112],"while":[117,175],"trading":[118],"off":[119],"very":[120,161],"small":[121],"accuracy":[122],"loss":[123],"dominating":[125],"Our":[127],"Approach":[128],"complemented":[129],"problems":[130,221],"that":[131,138],"occur":[132],"method":[134,158,196],"aggregates":[139],"outputs":[140],"multiple":[142],"binary":[143,164],"models":[146],"applied":[148,198,217],"data.":[151],"By":[152],"having":[153],"tournament":[154],"structure":[155],"aggregating":[157],"using":[160],"deep":[162],"pretrained":[163,180],"models,":[165],"our":[166,194],"proposed":[167,195],"recorded":[169,178,182,189],"68.36%":[170],"exact":[172],"match":[173],"accuracy,":[174],"53.40%,":[179],"Resnet":[181],"56.12%":[183],"linear":[187],"regression":[188],"57.48%.":[190],"As":[191],"result,":[193],"efficiently":[199],"cataract":[201,227],"grading":[202],"have":[204,223],"ordinal":[205],"labels":[206],"imbalanced":[208],"classes,":[213],"also":[214],"can":[215],"be":[216],"further":[218],"similar":[224,229],"features":[225],"configuration.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
