{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2979624089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856551","title":"The Therapeutic Effects of Low-Amplitude, High-Frequency Perturbations on Neuromuscular Abnormalities Associated with Spasticity in Children with Cerebral Palsy","display_name":"The Therapeutic Effects of Low-Amplitude, High-Frequency Perturbations on Neuromuscular Abnormalities Associated with Spasticity in Children with Cerebral Palsy","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2979624089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856551","mag":"2979624089","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31945857"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8856551","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856551","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022646976","display_name":"Sh. Noroozi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sh. Noroozi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic Azad Univesity, Sciens and Research Branch and Medico Rehabilitation Research Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic Azad Univesity, Sciens and Research Branch and Medico Rehabilitation Research Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091011846","display_name":"M. Lotfian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Lotfian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Science and Neural Engineering research center, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Science and Neural Engineering research center, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043208260","display_name":"F. Nooshiravan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110525433","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/01kzn7k21","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Nooshiravan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic Azad Univesity"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic Azad Univesity","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110525433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057700279","display_name":"Amin Shahrokhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1272-4869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Shahrokhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Noorafshar Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Neuralengineering Research Center, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noorafshar Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Neuralengineering Research Center, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073167178","display_name":"Ashkan Irani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-8965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58048189","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034m2b326","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Irani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Occupational Therapy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Health Services, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Health Services, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110642967","display_name":"M.M. Mirbagheri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-3197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. M. Mirbagheri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Neuralengineering Research Center, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Neuralengineering Research Center, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8612,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77864294,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":null,"first_page":"114","last_page":"117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spasticity","display_name":"Spasticity","score":0.7640872001647949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range-of-motion","display_name":"Range of motion","score":0.7436639070510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-palsy","display_name":"Cerebral palsy","score":0.68882155418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-stretching","display_name":"Passive stretching","score":0.6123685240745544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.5919720530509949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5882909893989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankle","display_name":"Ankle","score":0.5499271750450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stretch-reflex","display_name":"Stretch reflex","score":0.5409207940101624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spastic","display_name":"Spastic","score":0.4957064390182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contracture","display_name":"Contracture","score":0.45967012643814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.4442400634288788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spastic-cerebral-palsy","display_name":"Spastic cerebral palsy","score":0.43712788820266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint-contracture","display_name":"Joint Contracture","score":0.4274016320705414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-stiffness","display_name":"Muscle stiffness","score":0.421700656414032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stiffness","display_name":"Stiffness","score":0.2535838484764099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography","display_name":"Electromyography","score":0.23408040404319763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18924084305763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.11576151847839355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779012798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117060","display_name":"Spasticity","level":2,"score":0.7640872001647949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60465272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494478","display_name":"Range of motion","level":2,"score":0.7436639070510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779421357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210427","display_name":"Cerebral palsy","level":2,"score":0.68882155418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779638389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1183039","display_name":"Passive stretching","level":3,"score":0.6123685240745544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.5919720530509949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5882909893989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778640784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168002","display_name":"Ankle","level":2,"score":0.5499271750450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780832504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1183041","display_name":"Stretch reflex","level":3,"score":0.5409207940101624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776195251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7573993","display_name":"Spastic","level":3,"score":0.4957064390182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776937108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1480291","display_name":"Contracture","level":2,"score":0.45967012643814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.4442400634288788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7573995","display_name":"Spastic cerebral palsy","level":4,"score":0.43712788820266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909908917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1480291","display_name":"Joint Contracture","level":3,"score":0.4274016320705414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993843704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574415","display_name":"Muscle stiffness","level":3,"score":0.421700656414032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.2535838484764099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.23408040404319763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18924084305763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.11576151847839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000842","descriptor_name":"Ankle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000842","descriptor_name":"Ankle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000842","descriptor_name":"Ankle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000843","descriptor_name":"Ankle Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000843","descriptor_name":"Ankle Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000843","descriptor_name":"Ankle Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002547","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Palsy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002547","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Palsy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002547","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Palsy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016059","descriptor_name":"Range of Motion, Articular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016059","descriptor_name":"Range of Motion, Articular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016059","descriptor_name":"Range of Motion, Articular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8856551","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856551","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:31945857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31945857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000943144","https://openalex.org/W2008063242","https://openalex.org/W2045742968","https://openalex.org/W2046265331","https://openalex.org/W2062942116","https://openalex.org/W2077008822","https://openalex.org/W2114866171","https://openalex.org/W2132900853","https://openalex.org/W2154591940","https://openalex.org/W2540444728","https://openalex.org/W2770028607","https://openalex.org/W6717120984","https://openalex.org/W6729116786"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003987048","https://openalex.org/W4221007026","https://openalex.org/W784695211","https://openalex.org/W1667091922","https://openalex.org/W2970153914","https://openalex.org/W2048656129","https://openalex.org/W2039984811","https://openalex.org/W2047118437","https://openalex.org/W2160501816","https://openalex.org/W2906519749"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"aimed":[1],"to":[2],"investigate":[3],"the":[4,50,91,120,141,149],"impact":[5],"of":[6,40,52,54,73,77,105,122,130,143,151,153],"ankle":[7,56],"joint":[8],"therapy":[9,132],"with":[10,19,23],"low-amplitude,":[11],"high-frequency":[12,41],"perturbation":[13,131],"training":[14,39],"on":[15,46],"neuromuscular":[16],"abnormalities":[17],"associated":[18,66],"spasticity":[20,144],"in":[21,115],"children":[22,30],"Cerebral":[24],"Palsy":[25],"(CP).":[26],"Four":[27],"spastic":[28],"CP":[29,116,154],"(2":[31],"males":[32],"and":[33,42,84,93,108,145,147],"2":[34],"females)":[35],"received":[36],"a":[37,95],"10-session":[38],"low-amplitude":[43],"perturbations":[44,61],"superimposed":[45],"passive":[47,67,71,75,103,109],"stretches":[48],"over":[49],"range":[51,72,76,104],"motion":[53,106],"their":[55],"as":[57,59],"well":[58],"local":[60],"at":[62,90],"dorsiflexion":[63],"position.":[64],"The":[65],"parameters,":[68],"including":[69],"total":[70],"motions,":[74],"motions":[78],"toward":[79],"dorsiflexion,":[80],"stiffness,":[81,111],"energy":[82],"loss":[83],"torque":[85],"dynamic":[86],"gain":[87],"were":[88],"evaluated":[89],"baseline":[92],"after":[94],"10":[96],"session":[97],"training.":[98,123],"Our":[99,124],"findings":[100],"indicate":[101],"that":[102,127],"increased,":[107],"reflex":[110],"which":[112],"usually":[113],"increases":[114],"children,":[117],"decreased":[118],"following":[119],"completion":[121],"results":[125],"demonstrate":[126],"intensive":[128],"sessions":[129],"could":[133],"be":[134],"considered":[135],"an":[136],"effective":[137],"therapeutic":[138],"mean":[139],"for":[140],"management":[142],"contracture,":[146],"eventually":[148],"enhancement":[150],"mobility":[152],"children.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}