{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2979923612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856545","title":"Overcoming Channel Uncertainties in Molecular-Communication-Inspired Direct Drug Targeting","display_name":"Overcoming Channel Uncertainties in Molecular-Communication-Inspired Direct Drug Targeting","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2979923612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856545","mag":"2979923612","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31946286"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8856545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856545","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018585488","display_name":"Neda Sharifi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-5903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52179390","display_name":"University of Waikato","ror":"https://ror.org/013fsnh78","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neda Sharifi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063502807","display_name":"Geoffrey Holmes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0433-8925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52179390","display_name":"University of Waikato","ror":"https://ror.org/013fsnh78","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey Holmes","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101403982","display_name":"Yu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3894-4424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157323","display_name":"South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/04jnpk588","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157323","https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020480150","display_name":"Muhammad Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4562-504X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52179390","display_name":"University of Waikato","ror":"https://ror.org/013fsnh78","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100405124","display_name":"Yifan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-623X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52179390","display_name":"University of Waikato","ror":"https://ror.org/013fsnh78","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1115741,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"1973","last_page":"1976"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanorobotics","display_name":"Nanorobotics","score":0.7300324440002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-communication","display_name":"Molecular communication","score":0.5715311765670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5709633827209473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.53973788022995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5206886529922485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug","display_name":"Drug","score":0.49392515420913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4366884231567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.18075835704803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacology","display_name":"Pharmacology","score":0.17652350664138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.16173574328422546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1463455855846405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.08438241481781006}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187911381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q587024","display_name":"Nanorobotics","level":2,"score":0.7300324440002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779767902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17037278","display_name":"Molecular communication","level":4,"score":0.5715311765670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5709633827209473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.53973788022995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5206886529922485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.49392515420913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4366884231567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18075835704803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.17652350664138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16173574328422546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1463455855846405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.08438241481781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007167","descriptor_name":"Immunotherapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007167","descriptor_name":"Immunotherapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007167","descriptor_name":"Immunotherapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016503","descriptor_name":"Drug Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016503","descriptor_name":"Drug Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016503","descriptor_name":"Drug Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035501","descriptor_name":"Uncertainty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035501","descriptor_name":"Uncertainty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035501","descriptor_name":"Uncertainty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8856545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856545","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:31946286","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31946286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52762294","https://openalex.org/W1565731923","https://openalex.org/W1970191127","https://openalex.org/W1986922155","https://openalex.org/W2021807900","https://openalex.org/W2026889232","https://openalex.org/W2040051815","https://openalex.org/W2084697628","https://openalex.org/W2328092364","https://openalex.org/W2531093247","https://openalex.org/W2585631586","https://openalex.org/W2595638079","https://openalex.org/W2605330351","https://openalex.org/W2785258569","https://openalex.org/W2786978369"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297682653","https://openalex.org/W2005874943","https://openalex.org/W2163496989","https://openalex.org/W1963570780","https://openalex.org/W2068617560","https://openalex.org/W2788958820","https://openalex.org/W4226378883","https://openalex.org/W4313315793","https://openalex.org/W2995780815","https://openalex.org/W3015383773"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"progress":[1],"in":[2,45,55,86,168,174],"the":[3,32,36,51,121,142,153,158],"development":[4],"of":[5,14,120,128,161,170],"new":[6],"methods":[7],"for":[8,177],"cancer":[9,178],"treatment":[10],"has":[11,31],"shown":[12],"advantages":[13],"multiple":[15,104],"therapies":[16],"over":[17],"mono-therapy.":[18],"In":[19,100],"particular,":[20],"direct":[21],"drug":[22,66,131],"targeting":[23],"(DDT)":[24],"combined":[25],"with":[26,40,63],"mixed":[27],"immunotherapy":[28],"and":[29,59,79,138,144],"chemotherapy":[30],"potential":[33],"to":[34,57,148,164],"mitigate":[35],"undesired":[37],"side-effects":[38],"allied":[39],"conventional":[41],"therapies,":[42],"where":[43],"nanorobots":[44],"DDT":[46,176],"carry":[47],"therapeutic":[48],"agents":[49],"through":[50,126],"blood":[52],"vessel":[53],"channel":[54,94,116,172],"order":[56],"localize":[58],"target":[60],"diseased":[61],"tissue":[62],"a":[64,74,88,97,103],"safe":[65],"interaction.":[67],"This":[68],"process":[69,90],"can":[70],"be":[71],"modeled":[72],"by":[73],"\"touchable\"":[75],"(i.e.,":[76],"externally":[77],"controllable":[78],"trackable)":[80],"molecular":[81],"communication":[82],"(MC)":[83],"system.":[84,154],"However,":[85],"such":[87],"complex":[89],"overcoming":[91],"unavoidable":[92],"vascular":[93,171],"uncertainties":[95,173],"remains":[96],"great":[98],"challenge.":[99],"this":[101],"paper":[102],"model":[105],"predictive":[106],"controller":[107],"(MMPC)":[108],"is":[109,112,124],"proposed,":[110],"which":[111,146],"robust":[113],"against":[114],"random":[115],"uncertainties.":[117],"The":[118],"efficacy":[119],"proposed":[122,162],"method":[123],"illustrated":[125],"identification":[127],"globally":[129],"optimized":[130],"administration":[132],"schedules.":[133],"Furthermore,":[134],"we":[135],"introduce":[136],"upper":[137],"lower":[139],"bounds":[140],"on":[141,152],"inputs":[143],"outputs":[145],"lead":[147],"clinically":[149],"realistic":[150],"constraints":[151],"Simulation":[155],"results":[156],"demonstrate":[157],"promising":[159],"performance":[160],"MMPC":[163],"control":[165],"tumor":[166],"growth":[167],"presence":[169],"MC-inspired":[175],"treatment.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
