{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2979367096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856293","title":"An Investigation of Dimensionality Reduction Techniques for EMG-based Force Estimation","display_name":"An Investigation of Dimensionality Reduction Techniques for EMG-based Force Estimation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2979367096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856293","mag":"2979367096","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31945993"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8856293","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856293","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065253342","display_name":"Gelareh Hajian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7946-5710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gelareh Hajian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039812985","display_name":"Ali Etemad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7128-0220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Etemad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030167109","display_name":"Evelyn Morin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8985-3672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evelyn Morin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1964,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77473272,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":null,"first_page":"698","last_page":"701"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brachioradialis","display_name":"Brachioradialis","score":0.955190896987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.7659029960632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.7282294034957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.683334469795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6599825620651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.629234790802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5587131381034851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isometric-exercise","display_name":"Isometric exercise","score":0.5398314595222473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biceps","display_name":"Biceps","score":0.5390500426292419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5158909559249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.4559938609600067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.24501991271972656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780824610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385484","display_name":"Brachioradialis","level":3,"score":0.955190896987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.7659029960632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.7282294034957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.683334469795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6599825620651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.629234790802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5587131381034851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103486182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1216236","display_name":"Isometric exercise","level":2,"score":0.5398314595222473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781425419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201363","display_name":"Biceps","level":2,"score":0.5390500426292419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5158909559249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.4559938609600067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.24501991271972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001132","descriptor_name":"Arm","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001132","descriptor_name":"Arm","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001132","descriptor_name":"Arm","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004551","descriptor_name":"Elbow Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004551","descriptor_name":"Elbow Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004551","descriptor_name":"Elbow Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007537","descriptor_name":"Isometric Contraction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007537","descriptor_name":"Isometric Contraction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007537","descriptor_name":"Isometric Contraction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8856293","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856293","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:31945993","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31945993","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990561395","https://openalex.org/W1991397260","https://openalex.org/W2055679068","https://openalex.org/W2075528422","https://openalex.org/W2096718046","https://openalex.org/W2119391976","https://openalex.org/W2156654664","https://openalex.org/W2161280208","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2342463046","https://openalex.org/W2345293279","https://openalex.org/W2606630087","https://openalex.org/W2809725077","https://openalex.org/W6752555541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2412470947","https://openalex.org/W1777766398","https://openalex.org/W2149169121","https://openalex.org/W2156005575","https://openalex.org/W59880061","https://openalex.org/W2001858187","https://openalex.org/W2141536652","https://openalex.org/W2171416494","https://openalex.org/W2101815468","https://openalex.org/W1977910068"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"extracted":[3],"features":[4],"in":[5],"time":[6],"and":[7,21,27,73,83],"frequency":[8],"domain,":[9],"from":[10,17],"high-density":[11],"surface":[12],"electromyogram":[13],"(HD-sEMG)":[14],"signals":[15],"acquired":[16],"the":[18,40,59,80],"long":[19],"head":[20,23],"short":[22],"of":[24],"biceps":[25],"brachii,":[26],"brachioradialis":[28],"during":[29],"isometric":[30],"elbow":[31],"flexion":[32],"are":[33],"used":[34],"to":[35,54],"estimate":[36],"force":[37,88],"induced":[38],"at":[39],"wrist":[41],"using":[42],"an":[43],"artificial":[44],"neural":[45],"network":[46],"(ANN).":[47],"Different":[48],"hidden":[49],"layer":[50],"sizes":[51],"were":[52],"considered":[53],"investigate":[55],"its":[56],"effect":[57],"on":[58,79,87],"model":[60],"accuracy.":[61,90],"Also,":[62],"we":[63],"applied":[64],"two":[65],"dimensionality":[66],"reduction":[67],"techniques,":[68],"principal":[69],"component":[70],"analysis":[71],"(PCA)":[72],"t-distributed":[74],"stochastic":[75],"neighbor":[76],"embedding":[77],"(t-SNE),":[78],"feature":[81],"set":[82],"investigated":[84],"their":[85],"effects":[86],"estimation":[89]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}